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Emergency Medicine Once Daily EMOD

EMOD, bringing you daily, bite-sized insights into emergency medicine! Will deliver quick, practical knowledge

12/07/2025

🧠 Know your brain divisions.
The brain has 4 major parts:
1️⃣ Cerebral Cortex
2️⃣ Cerebral Subcortex
3️⃣ Brainstem
4️⃣ Cerebellum
Understanding these divisions helps you link stroke symptoms to the affected area, enhancing your clinical reasoning.

11/07/2025

🧠 What is the NIHSS?
The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) helps quantify stroke severity, monitor changes, and guide treatment decisions.
It systematically assesses consciousness, gaze, vision, facial palsy, motor function, ataxia, sensation, language, and neglect.
A key tool in stroke care.

10/07/2025

🧠 Did you know there are multiple stroke assessment tools?
We use: ✅ Initial screening tools: BEFAST, FAST/CPSS, LAPSS, MEND, ROSIER
✅ Expanded/LVO screening tools: C-STAT, FAST-ED, LAMS, MEND, NIHSS, RACE, VAN
These tools help in early recognition and guide decisions for advanced care when needed.
Know your tools.

09/07/2025

🧠 Use BEFAST to catch stroke early.
👀 B – Balance: Sudden loss of balance?
👁️ E – Eyes: Sudden vision changes?
😊 F – Face: Smile drooping?
💪 A – Arms: Weakness or drift?
🗣️ S – Speech: Slurred or strange?
⏱️ T – Time: Time to call EMS immediately.
Every minute counts in stroke. BEFAST and act.

08/07/2025

🧠 Recognize stroke FAST.
🚑 F – Face: Smile? Droop?
💪 A – Arms: Raise both? One drifts?
🗣️ S – Speech: Slurred or strange?
⏱️ T – Time: Act FAST. Call EMS immediately.
Early recognition saves brain and life.

07/07/2025

🧠 Pediatric strokes happen.
Know the types.
👶 Perinatal: 80% ischemic, 20% hemorrhagic/CVST.
🧒 Childhood: 45% ischemic, 55% hemorrhagic.
Early recognition saves lives.

06/07/2025

🧠 What is a TIA? A transient ischemic attack is a temporary brain blood flow blockage without permanent damage — but it’s a warning sign.
⚠️ Stroke risk after TIA is 3–10% within 2 days and up to 17% within 90 days. Urgent evaluation and prevention are critical.
Act fast after TIA to prevent stroke.

05/07/2025

🧠 Hemorrhagic strokes: bleeding in or around the brain.
🔴 ICH: Bleeding into brain tissue, often due to chronic hypertension, AVMs, amyloid angiopathy, or bleeding disorders.
🔴 SAH: Bleeding around the brain, commonly from aneurysm rupture in the circle of Willis.
Recognize. Act. Prevent where possible.

04/07/2025

🧠 What is the ischemic penumbra? It’s the zone of brain tissue around the core infarct that is still salvageable if blood flow is restored quickly.
⏱️ In LVO, 2 million neurons are lost every minute. Early recognition and treatment save the penumbra and reduce disability.
Time is brain. Act fast.

03/07/2025

🧠 Know your stroke risks
Some we can’t change (age, gender, family history), but many we can:
High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Smoking
- Atrial fibrillation
- Inactivity and obesity
Control what you can. Prevent what you can. Stroke prevention starts today.

02/07/2025

The Stroke Chain of Survival
Stroke care is not a solo act..... it’s a coordinated system that starts before EMS is called and continues through recovery.
🧠 The Chain of Survival will include
1️⃣ Recognize symptoms
2️⃣ Activate EMS early
3️⃣ Provide fast, skilled EMS care
4️⃣ Transport to stroke-ready center with pre-notification
5️⃣ Rapid diagnosis & treatment (CT, thrombolysis, thrombectomy)
6️⃣ Post-stroke care: rehab, prevention, support

🏥 Everyone plays a role: patients, families, EMS, ED, and rehab teams.
Minimize brain injury. Maximize recovery.

01/07/2025

Types of Stroke
Not all strokes are the same — and management depends on accurate classification:
✅ Ischemic Stroke (87%) – Most common. A blocked vessel starves the brain of oxygen. Think clots, emboli, or atherosclerosis.
🩸 Hemorrhagic Stroke (13%) – Bleeding into or around the brain. Often caused by hypertension or ruptured aneurysms.
⏱ TIA – Transient ischemic attack, aka “mini stroke.” Temporary blockage, lasting minutes to hours, but a serious warning sign.
🚨 Each type has a different pathway, urgency, and treatment. Early recognition = better outcomes.

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