07/10/2024
đŧđĒđŠđ¤đĨđ¨đŽ
đ¯What is autopsy?
Autopsy or necropsy means postmortem examination of a body for medical, legal or scientific purposes.
đ¯What are the types of autopsy?
1.Medicolegal Autopsy : āύā§āϝāĻžā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§ā§āĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϝāĻāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻāύāύā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāϰāĻžāϞ āĻĄā§āĻĨ( āϏā§āĻāϏāĻžāĻāĻĄ, āĻŽāĻžāϰā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ) āĻšā§āĻž āĻĄā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŋāϰ āĻ
āĻā§āĻĒāϏāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
2.Pathological Autopsy:Is is performed by a pathologist or a clinician to diagnose the cause of death. This is not performed in our country.
3.Anatomical Autopsy:āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻžāύā§āϏ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĢāĻžāϏā§āĻ āĻā§āĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻā§āĻĄā§āύā§āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāϏā§āĻāĻļāύ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāύāĻžāĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞāĨ¤
đ¯Who can perform autopsy?
ā§§.āϏāϰāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāϞā§āĻā§āϰ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĢāϰā§āύāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāϏāĻŋāύ āĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāύāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤
⧍.āϏāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϞ āϏāĻžāϰā§āĻāύā§āϰ āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧠RMO(residental medical officer) āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āύāĨ¤
āĻŦā§āϰā§āϏāϞāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāύ āϏā§āĻā§āĻĄā§āύā§āĻ āĻā§āĻļā§āĻā§āύ āĻāϰāϞā§,
āϏā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ āϝ⧠autopsy āĻā§āύ āĻāϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž?
â
To know the cause of death.
āĻāĻāĻžā§āĻžāĻ âĄī¸Manner of death
âĄī¸Time of death
âĄī¸Identification.
āĻŦā§āϰā§āϏāϞāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻĻā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋāĨ¤ đ
āĻŦāϞ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻžāϞā§,āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻļā§ medicolegal /forensic autopsy āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĒā§āϰ autopsy āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ ,
To know cause of :
đ° unnatural death
đ°suspicious death
đ° sudden death
āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ :
clinical/diagnostic/pathological autopsy āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻāύ patient treatment āύā§āĻā§āĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āĻā§āύ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻž āĻā§āϞā§āύ āϤāĻžāϰ evaluation āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰ Constitutional law supported āύāĻž, āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ autopsy āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āύā§āĨ¤đĢ
āĻāĻāύ, āĻāĻ autopsy āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āϞāĻžāĻāĻŦā§?
What are the prerequisites of autopsy?
đ Challan
â
It is a governments prescribed tabulated form written by investigation officer submitted to medical officer while handling over the dead body to perform autopsy.
đInquest report
â
āĻĄā§āĻĄāĻŦāĻĄāĻŋāϰ āϝāĻžāĻŦāϤā§ā§ āϤāĻĨā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻ
āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āύ āĻāύā§āϏāĻĒā§āĻā§āĻāϰ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŦā§ āĻā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§ā§āĻā§āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ āϏā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
đī¸Accompanying police constable should identify the deadbody
đī¸Death certificate in case of hospital death đī¸Photography in case of unknown
đī¸Medical Personnel
đī¸Ideal Mortuary
āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻāϏāĻŦ prerequisite āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻšā§ā§ āĻā§āϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻžāĻ autopsy āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ ready.đ¯
đ´Autopsy āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ examine āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
1ī¸âŖExternally
2ī¸âŖInternally
đExternal examination mainly focuses on injury. āϝā§āĻŽāύ:
đī¸in hanging/strangulation case âĄī¸ligeture around neck
đī¸in fall from height âĄī¸ any pressure on vertebral collumn
đī¸in stab on case âĄī¸ site if stabbing
đī¸in drowning caseâĄī¸ sands/muds on body
etc.
āĻāĻāύ externally āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻļā§āώ⧠internally āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻžāĨ¤
āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāϤ 3 āĻāĻž cavity open āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤
From beginning to end:
đī¸Thoracic
đī¸Abdominal
đī¸Cranial
āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝā§āĻ cavity open āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ incision system āĻšā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύāĨ¤â
Thoracic & Abdominal cavity opened by 3 incisionâī¸
đI incision
âĄī¸ chin āĻĨā§āĻā§ symphysis p***s āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ
đY incision
âĄī¸Acromian process āĻĨā§āĻā§ below the fold of the breast āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ curved line āĻšā§ā§ symphysis p***s āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ
đModified Y incision
âĄī¸āĻĻā§āĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§āϰ Mastoid Process āĻĨā§āĻā§ clavicle āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ Suprasternal notch āĻ āĻāϏ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ symphysis p***s āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ
â
â
āĻŦāϞ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻŋ, āϤāĻŋāύ āϧāϰāĻŖā§āϰ incision āĻĻāĻŋāϤā§āĻ umbilicus āĻ incision āύāĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ surround āĻāϰ⧠āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ autopsy āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠stich āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ Umbilicus āĻ dense fibrous tissue āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻ stich āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻŦ āĻšā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
đCranial cavity open āĻāϰāϤ⧠2 āϧāϰāĻŖā§āϰ incision āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
1ī¸âŖCoronal Incision
âĄī¸ āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§āϰ mastoid process āĻĨā§āĻā§ vertex āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§āϰ mastoid process āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ incision āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
âĄī¸āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠orbital protuberance āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āĻāύ⧠occipital protuberance āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ skin flap āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§
đCircular Incision
âĄī¸āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠orbital ridge āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻāύ⧠occipital protuberance āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ circular incision āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšā§
âĄī¸āĻĒā§āĻāύ⧠occipital protuberance intact āϰā§āĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āĻĨā§āĻā§ skin flap āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§
Incision āĻļā§āώāĨ¤
â
āĻŦā§āϝāϏ āĻāĻāύ internal examinaton āĻāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϰā§āĻĄāĻŋ
Nilphamari Medical College
Md Eyaman Islam Emon( 4th year)