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Medi fun, Rajshahi (2025)

08/06/2025

.Question 2Text: A major sign of cardiac tamponade is (✓) Bradycardia (✓) Ventricular dilatation (✓) 3rd degree heart block (✓) Pulsus paradoxusOptions:BradycardiaVentricular dilatation3rd degree heart blockPulsus paradoxusMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error or multiple answers intended.Notes: Cardiac tamponade typically presents with pulsus paradoxus and muffled heart sounds; multiple markings may indicate a review error.Question 3Text: Which of the following hormones exhibits a diurnal rhythm in its secretion (✓) ACTH (✓) Adrenaline (✓) Parathyroid hormoneOptions:ACTHAdrenalineParathyroid hormoneMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: ACTH has a well-known diurnal rhythm; adrenaline and parathyroid hormone do not typically exhibit this pattern.Question 4Text: Normal saline is (✓) Capable to exert about 300 mosm/L osmotic pressure (✓) Hypertonic to plasma (✓) Synonymous withOptions:Capable to exert about 300 mosm/L osmotic pressureHypertonic to plasmaSynonymous withMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) is isotonic to plasma (~300 mOsm/L), not hypertonic.Question 5Text: In which poisoning gastric lavage is contraindicated (✓) Ribosome (✓) Mitochondria (✓) Nucleus (✓) ChloroplastOptions:RibosomeMitochondriaNucleusChloroplastMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Gastric lavage is contraindicated in corrosive poisonings (e.g., acids, alkalis), not related to cellular components listed.Question 6Text: A stretch reflex is promoted by (✓) Hyaluronidase (✓) Neuraminidase (✓) Complement (✓) Paracetamol (✓) MethanolOptions:HyaluronidaseNeuraminidaseComplementParacetamolMethanolMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Stretch reflex is mediated by muscle spindles, not the listed substances.Question 7Text: Cerebellar lesion causes (✓) spasticity (✓) rigidity (✓) intention tremor (✓) slow gaitOptions:SpasticityRigidityIntention tremorSlow gaitMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Cerebellar lesions cause intention tremor and gait ataxia, not spasticity or rigidity (typically associated with upper motor neuron lesions).Question 8Text: Jaundice within 24 hrs. of age (✓) ABO incompatibility (✓) Septicemia (✓) Hepatitis (✓) Hereditary spherocytosisOptions:ABO incompatibilitySepticemiaHepatitisHereditary spherocytosisMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Jaundice within 24 hours is often due to hemolysis (e.g., ABO incompatibility), not typically hepatitis or hereditary spherocytosis.Question 9Text: A regurgitant aortic valve in a nonfunctioning heart causes (✓) Orotic acid (✓) Uric acid (✓) Valproic acid (✓) AmmoniaOptions:Orotic acidUric acidValproic acidAmmoniaMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: A regurgitant aortic valve may lead to metabolic changes, but specific metabolite accumulation is unclear from options.Question 10Text: Systolic murmurOptions:(✓) Decrease in systolic blood pressure(✓) Decrease in diastolic pressure(✓) Decrease in heart rateMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Systolic murmur is associated with turbulent blood flow, not necessarily changes in pressure or heart rate.Question 11Text: Sustained elevation of cardiac output occurs in (✓) Hypertension (✓) Lung (✓) Heart block (✓) Cardiac tamponadeOptions:HypertensionLungHeart blockCardiac tamponadeMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Sustained elevation of cardiac output is typically seen in conditions like hyperthyroidism, not the listed options.Question 12Text: Pancreatitis causes elevation of plasma (✓) Lipase (✓) Aldolase (✓) Acid phosphatase (✓) Lipoprotein lipaseOptions:LipaseAldolaseAcid phosphataseLipoprotein lipaseMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Pancreatitis primarily elevates lipase and amylase, not the other enzymes listed.Question 13Text: Ionising radiation-following is true (✓) Does not affect age (✓) Does not affect lungs (✓) Does not affect skinOptions:Does not affect ageDoes not affect lungsDoes not affect skinMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Ionizing radiation affects skin, lungs, and aging processes; all statements are likely false.Question 14Text: Major antibody content of the serum is (✓) α-1 fraction (✓) α-2 fraction (✓) γ fraction (✓) β fractionOptions:α-1 fractionα-2 fractionγ fractionβ fractionMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: The majority of antibodies (immunoglobulins) are in the γ fraction.Question 15Text: Myoepithelial cells found in (✓) Sweat gland (✓) Parotid gland (✓) Adrenal gland (✓) Lacrimal glandOptions:Sweat glandParotid glandAdrenal glandLacrimal glandMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Myoepithelial cells are found in sweat glands and salivary glands (e.g., parotid), not adrenal or lacrimal glands.Question 16Text: The diaphragm is pierced by (✓) Sympathetic trunk (✓) Lowest intercostal nerves (✓) Left phrenic nerve (✓) Pudendal nerveOptions:Sympathetic trunkLowest intercostal nervesLeft phrenic nervePudendal nerveMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Diaphragm is pierced by phrenic nerve, azygos vein, and others; pudendal nerve is not involved.Question 17Text: In basal condition, most of the energy used by cardiac muscle from (✓) Fatty acid (✓) Glucose (✓) Lactate (✓) PyruvateOptions:Fatty acidGlucoseLactatePyruvateMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Cardiac muscle primarily uses fatty acids at rest, with glucose and lactate as secondary sources.Question 18Text: Complete destruction of zona glomerulosa result in unable to produce (✓) Adrenaline (✓) Aldosterone (✓) CortisolOptions:AdrenalineAldosteroneCortisolMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Zona glomerulosa produces aldosterone; adrenaline (adrenal medulla) and cortisol (zona fasciculata) are from other regions.Question 19Text: Following cells are involved in Acute inflammation (✓) Beta cells (✓) Lymphocytes (✓) Epithelial cells (✓) NeutrophilOptions:Beta cellsLymphocytesEpithelial cellsNeutrophilMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Neutrophils are the primary cells in acute inflammation, not beta cells or epithelial cells.Question 20Text: Vit K (✓) Synthesis in liver (✓) Synthesis in intestinal epithelium (✓) Causes hemolytic disease (✓) AntioxidantOptions:Synthesis in liverSynthesis in intestinal epitheliumCauses hemolytic diseaseAntioxidantMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Vitamin K is synthesized by gut bacteria and used in liver for clotting factors; it does not cause hemolytic disease.Question 21Text: Third aortic arch derivatives (✓) pulmonary trunk (✓) subclavian artery (✓) external carotid artery (✓) Pulmonary arteryOptions:Pulmonary trunkSubclavian arteryExternal carotid arteryPulmonary arteryMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Third aortic arch forms the common carotid and proximal internal carotid arteries.Question 22Text: Axillary nerve supplies the (✓) pectoralis muscle (major) (✓) pectoralis minor (✓) teres major (✓) teres minorOptions:Pectoralis muscle (major)Pectoralis minorTeres majorTeres minorMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Axillary nerve supplies deltoid and teres minor.Question 23Text: Continuous capillaries are found in (✓) Cerebrum (✓) Liver (✓) Lungs (✓) Pituitary glandOptions:CerebrumLiverLungsPituitary glandMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Continuous capillaries are found in the brain, muscle, and fat, not liver or lungs (which have fenestrated/sinusoidal types).Question 24Text: Clearance of drug depends on (✓) plasma half life (✓) bioavailability (✓) diffusion co-efficient (✓) rate of absorptionOptions:Plasma half lifeBioavailabilityDiffusion co-efficientRate of absorptionMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Drug clearance depends on renal/hepatic function, not directly on all listed factors.Question 25Text: Excitatory cells of nervous system includes (✓) anterior horn cells of spinal cord (✓) ependymal cell (✓) microglia (✓) Purkinje cellOptions:Anterior horn cells of spinal cordEpendymal cellMicrogliaPurkinje cellMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Anterior horn cells are excitatory motor neurons; others (ependymal, microglia, Purkinje) have different roles.Question 26Text: ECG changes in hyperkalemia (✓) ST depression (✓) short QRS complex (✓) tall T wave (✓) K+ level 5.5-7.0 meq/LOptions:ST depressionShort QRS complexTall T waveK+ level 5.5-7.0 meq/LMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Hyperkalemia causes tall T waves, widened QRS, and ST changes, but not short QRS.Question 27Text: Vitamin K is necessary for synthesis of (✓) factor-I (✓) factor-V (✓) factor-VII (✓) glucocorticoidOptions:Factor-IFactor-VFactor-VIIGlucocorticoidMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Vitamin K is needed for factors II, VII, IX, X, not factor V or glucocorticoids.Question 28Text: Antibody present in highest percentage in newborn is (✓) Ig A (✓) Ig M (✓) Ig G (✓) Ig MOptions:Ig AIg MIg GIg MMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: IgG is the primary antibody transferred from mother to newborn.Question 29Text: Omega 3 essential fatty acid are (✓) Linoleic acid (✓) Carbonic acid (✓) Arachidonic acid (✓) Oleic acidOptions:Linoleic acidCarbonic acidArachidonic acidOleic acidMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Omega-3 fatty acids include alpha-linolenic acid, not the listed options (except partially related derivatives).Question 30Text: Killed vaccine are except (✓) Small pox (✓) Covid-19 (✓) Polio (✓) RubellaOptions:Small poxCovid-19PolioRubellaMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Smallpox and polio have killed vaccines; Covid-19 and rubella typically use live or mRNA vaccines.Question 31Text: Causes of haematuria include (✓) Cardiac failure (✓) Renal tuberculosis (✓) Pregnancy (✓) Nephrotic syndromeOptions:Cardiac failureRenal tuberculosisPregnancyNephrotic syndromeMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Hematuria is caused by renal tuberculosis and nephrotic syndrome, not typically cardiac failure or pregnancy.Question 32Text: In emphysema, pulmonary function test shows (✓) Decreased residual volume (✓) Increased FEV/FVCOptions:Decreased residual volumeIncreased FEV/FVCMarked Answer: Both marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Emphysema shows increased residual volume and decreased FEV1/FVC ratio.Question 33Text: Local blood vessels are dilated due to increased concentration of (✓) Endothelin (✓) Sodium ions (✓) Calcium ionsOptions:EndothelinSodium ionsCalcium ionsMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Vasodilation is mediated by nitric oxide, not endothelin (a vasoconstrictor) or ions directly.Question 34Text: Potassium IonsOptions:(✓) Reovirus(✓) Picornavirus(✓) Orthomyxoviruses(✓) ParvovirusMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Potassium ions are not directly related to viruses; this may be a mislabeled question.Question 35Text: Antigen presenting cell except (✓) Macrophage (✓) Neutrophil (✓) Langerhans’s cell (✓) Dendritic cellOptions:MacrophageNeutrophilLangerhans’s cellDendritic cellMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Neutrophils are not primary antigen-presenting cells; others are.Question 36Text: Which of the following organ is specifically vulnerable during haemorrhagic shock (✓) Brain (✓) Heart muscle (✓) KidneyOptions:BrainHeart muscleKidneyMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Kidney is particularly vulnerable due to high oxygen demand.Question 37Text: Complication of typhoid fever is (✓) Thyroiditis (✓) Pericarditis (✓) Ileal perforation (✓) BlindnessOptions:ThyroiditisPericarditisIleal perforationBlindnessMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Ileal perforation is a known complication; others are less typical.Question 38Text: In blood CO2 is transported from tissue to lungs mainly as (✓) bicarbonate (✓) carbaminohemoglobin (✓) carbonic acidOptions:BicarbonateCarbaminohemoglobinCarbonic acidMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Majority is bicarbonate, with minor contributions from carbaminohemoglobin and dissolved CO2.Question 39Text: Structure passes through greater sciatic foramen (✓) extensor of hip (✓) gluteal nerve (✓) flexor of the knee (✓) adduction of hipOptions:Extensor of hipGluteal nerveFlexor of the kneeAdduction of hipMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Sciatic nerve and pudendal nerve pass through; others are muscle actions, not structures.Question 40Text: Which type of epithelium is found in thyroid follicles (✓) squamous (✓) transitional (✓) cuboidal (✓) columnarOptions:SquamousTransitionalCuboidalColumnarMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Thyroid follicles have simple cuboidal epithelium.Question 41Text: The following are mainly intracellular parasites (✓) Echinococcus granulosus (✓) Leishmania donovani (✓) TrypanosomaOptions:Echinococcus granulosusLeishmania donovaniTrypanosomaMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting correct marking.Notes: All are intracellular parasites.Question 42Text: In aerobic exercise there is decrease in (✓) Circulatory blood volume (✓) Skin temperature (✓) Cerebral blood flowOptions:Circulatory blood volumeSkin temperatureCerebral blood flowMarked Answer: All options marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Aerobic exercise increases cerebral blood flow; others may decrease.Question 43Text: Acute renal failure following mismatched blood transfusion is due to (✓) Stricture urethra (✓) SepticemiaOptions:Stricture urethraSepticemiaMarked Answer: Both marked (✓), suggesting possible error.Notes: Acute renal failure is due to hemolysis and tubular injury, not stricture or septicemia directly.General ObservationsMany questions have all options marked (✓), which may indicate a review error, misunderstanding, or incomplete correction.The content spans anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology, likely from a medical or allied health curriculum.If you need specific answers or further analysis, please specify a question number or topic!

03/06/2025

1. Which anti-diabetic drug causes weight loss (√ pioglitazone) (c) liraglutide (e) vildagliptin (f) RepaglinideExplanation: Anti-diabetic drugs vary in their effects on weight. Pioglitazone (a thiazolidinedione) is typically associated with weight gain, not loss. Liraglutide (a GLP-1 receptor agonist) is known to promote weight loss by reducing appetite, making it the correct answer (√). Vildagliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor) and Repaglinide (meglitinide) are neutral or may cause slight weight gain.2. Cerebellar lesion causes (a) spasticity (√ rigidity) (c) tremor (d) slow gaitExplanation: Cerebellar lesions primarily affect coordination and balance. Spasticity is more associated with upper motor neuron lesions (e.g., cerebral cortex). Rigidity (√) can occur due to compensatory muscle tone changes. Tremor and slow gait are also cerebellar symptoms, but rigidity is highlighted here.3. Bence-Jones proteins are (a) heavy chain immunoglobulin (√ light chain immunoglobulin) (c) found in the urine of multiple myelomaExplanation: Bence-Jones proteins are free light chains of immunoglobulins excreted in urine, a hallmark of multiple myeloma (√). They are not heavy chains.4. Associated with mononuclear antibody (a) Precipitate in cold (√)Explanation: Mononuclear antibodies (e.g., cold agglutinins) can precipitate in cold temperatures (√), often seen in conditions like cold agglutinin disease.5. Axillary nerve supplies the (a) pectoralis muscle (major) (c) pectoralis minor (d) teres major (e) teres minorExplanation: The axillary nerve supplies the deltoid muscle and teres minor (e). The listed options seem incomplete, but teres minor is correct based on standard anatomy.6. In secondary hyperthyroidism (a) ↑TTSH, TFT4 (b) ↑TFT4 normal TSH (c) ↑TSH ↓TFT4 (d) ↑TSH ↑TFT4 (e) ↓TSH ↑TFT4Explanation: Secondary hyperthyroidism (due to pituitary issues) involves elevated TSH and TFT4 (d) ↑TSH ↑TFT4, though this is rare. Typically, primary hyperthyroidism shows ↓TSH with ↑TFT4.7. ECG changes in hyperkalemia (a) ST depression (c) short QRs complex (d) tall T wave (e) K+ level 5.5-7.0 meq/LExplanation: Hyperkalemia causes tall T waves (d), widened QRS, and ST depression on ECG, with K+ levels often >5.5 meq/L (e).8. Killed vaccine are except (a) Small pox (b) Covid-19 (c) Polio (d) RubellaExplanation: Killed vaccines include polio (Salk) and some COVID-19 vaccines. Smallpox and rubella use live attenuated vaccines, making them exceptions (a, d).9. Continuous capillaries are found in (a) Cerebrum (b) Liver (c) Lungs (d) Pituitary glandExplanation: Continuous capillaries are found in the cerebrum (a), muscle, and brain, not in liver (sinusoids) or lungs (fenestrated).10. Antibody present in highest percentage in newborn is (a) Ig A (c) Ig E (d) Ig G (e) Ig M (f) Adrenaline (g) Parathyroid hormoneExplanation: IgG (d) crosses the placenta and is the highest antibody in newborns.11. Which of the following hormones exhibits a diurnal rhythm in its secretion (a) ACTH (d) AdrenalineExplanation: ACTH (a) shows a diurnal rhythm, peaking in the morning.12. In an immune mediated response, which of the following leukocyte becomes an activated macrophage (a) lymphocyte (b) basophil (c) neutrophil (e) monocyteExplanation: Monocytes (e) differentiate into activated macrophages in immune responses.13. Which of the following does not have a membrane (a) Ribosome (c) Mitochondria (d) Nucleus (e) ChloroplastExplanation: Ribosomes (a) lack a membrane.14. The diaphragm is pierced by (a) sympathetic trunk (c) lowest intercostal nerves (d) Left phrenic nerve (e) Pudendal nerveExplanation: The diaphragm is pierced by the phrenic nerve (d), sympathetic trunk, and lowest intercostal nerves (c).15. Excitation cells of nervous system includes (a) anterior horn cells of spinal cord (c) epineural cell (d) microglia (e) Purkinje cellExplanation: Anterior horn cells (a) are excitatory motor neurons.16. Following infections are common in immunocompetent patient (a) Candida (c) paracoccidioidomycosis carinii (d) Diphtheria (e) CytomegalovirusExplanation: Diphtheria (d) is common in immunocompetent individuals.17. ACE inhibitor are contraindicated in (a) Asthma (c) Acute heart failure (e) Pregnancy (f) diabetic nephropathyExplanation: ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy (e) due to fetal risk.18. Retroperitoneal structures include (a) transverse colon (c) ascending colon (d) inferior vena cava (e) vermiform appendixExplanation: Inferior vena cava (d) is retroperitoneal.19. Omega 3 essential fatty acid are (a) Linoleic acid (c) Carbonic acid (d) Arachidonic acid (e) Oleic acidExplanation: Omega-3 fatty acids include linoleic acid (a), though typically alpha-linolenic acid is more specific.20. Continuous capillaries gaseous exchange occurs in (a) Thyroid gland (c) Lungs (e) Spleen (f) Bone marrowsExplanation: Continuous capillaries facilitate gas exchange in the lungs (c).21. Commonest tumors of the central nervous system arise from (a) meninges (d) Neuroglia (e) Blood vessels (f) Nerve cellsExplanation: Neuroglia (d) (e.g., gliomas) are the most common CNS tumors.22. Antigen presenting cell except (a) Macrophage (c) Neutrophil (d) Langerhans' cell of skin (e) Dendritic cellExplanation: Neutrophils (c) do not typically present antigens.23. DNA synthesis is inhibited by (a) Prednisolone (c) Chloramphenicol (e) Azathioprine (f) ChloroquineExplanation: Azathioprine (e) inhibits DNA synthesis.24. Rickets radiology (c) cupping of epiphysis (d) ring shaped epiphysis (e) widening of epiphysis (f) increased calcificationsExplanation: Rickets shows cupping (c) and widening (e) of epiphysis due to poor mineralization.25. X-linked disorder is (a) polycystic ovarian syndrome (c) Down’s syndrome (d) turners syndrome (e) HaemophiliaExplanation: Haemophilia (e) is X-linked.26. Mood stabilizer is (a) Topiramate (c) Lithium (d) Dexamethasone (e) DiazepamExplanation: Lithium (c) is a mood stabilizer.27. Normal saline is (a) Capable to exert about 300 mosm/L osmotic pressure (d) Hypertonic to plasma (e) Synonymous with normal saline (f) 9 gm meq/L solutionExplanation: Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) is isotonic, exerting ~300 mosm/L osmotic pressure (a).28. Pancreatitis causes of elevation of plasma (a) Lipase (c) Aldolase (e) Acid phosphatase (f) Lipoprotein lipaseExplanation: Lipase (a) elevation is a marker of pancreatitis.29. Complete lesion of oculomotor nerve causes (a) ptosis (c) blindness (d) pupil constriction (e) inability to lateral movementExplanation: Oculomotor nerve lesion causes ptosis (a) and pupil dilation.30. Vascular structures include (a) Enamel of the teeth (c) Bone marrow (d) Periosteum (e) RetinaExplanation: Retina (e) contains vascular structures.31. Substance that can easily diffuse through (a) Glucose (c) Protein (d) Na+ (e) OxygenExplanation: Oxygen (e) diffuses easily.32. Blood brain barrier formed by (a) Endothelial cell (c) Ependyma (d) Oligodendrocyte (e) Epithelial cellsExplanation: Endothelial cells (a) form the blood-brain barrier.33. Features of CSF in pyogenic meningitis (a) Chronic renal failure (c) Diabetes insipidus (d) Diabetes mellitus (e) Acute glomerulonephritisExplanation: CSF changes occur in pyogenic meningitis, not the listed conditions.34. Major antibody content of the serum is (a) α-1 fraction (c) α-2 fraction (d) γ fraction (e) β fractionExplanation: IgG, the major antibody, is in the γ fraction (d).35. The following are mainly intracellular parasites (a) Echinococcus granulosus (c) Leishmania donovani (d) Trypanosoma gambiense (e) Covid RNA virusExplanation: Leishmania donovani (c) is an intracellular parasite.36. Following menopause there is increased secretion of (a) FSH (c) Prolactin (d) OestrogenExplanation: FSH (a) increases post-menopause.37. Biochemical disturbance occurs in fulminating hepatic failure (a) Metabolic alkalosis (d) HypoglycemiaExplanation: Hypoglycemia (d) occurs in hepatic failure.38. Which type of epithelium is found in thyroid follicles (a) squamous (c) transitional (d) cuboidal (e) columnarExplanation: Cuboidal epithelium (d) lines thyroid follicles.39. Which among the following is protozoal infection (a) Giardiasis (c) Schistosomiasis (d) Filariasis (e) Hydatid diseaseExplanation: Giardiasis (a) is a protozoal infection.40. Ionizing radiation following is true (a) Does not affect age (c) Does not affect lungs (d) Does not affect skinExplanation: Ionizing radiation affects all tissues, so none of the options are fully true.41. Affects the brain (a) Coomb’s test is used for detecting (c) Rheumatoid factor (d) Antinuclear artery (e) Cold agglutinin (f) Anti insulin antibodyExplanation: None directly affect the brain; Coomb’s test detects antibodies (a).42. Content of the broad ligament (a) Te**es (c) O***y (d) Ureter (e) Ovarian arteryExplanation: O***y (c) and ovarian artery (e) are in the broad ligament.43. Myoepithelial cells found in (a) Sweat gland (c) Parotid gland (d) Adrenal gland (e) Lacrimal glandExplanation: Myoepithelial cells are in sweat glands (a).44. Local blood vessels are dilated due to increased concentration of (a) Endothelin (c) Sodium Ions (d) Calcium IonsExplanation: None directly dilate; typically nitric oxide dilates vessels.45. Hemorrhagic lesions may occur (a) Vitamin B deficiencies (c) Vitamin C deficiencies (d) Retinol deficiencyExplanation: Vitamin C deficiency (c) causes hemorrhagic lesions (scurvy).46. Nephrotic syndromeExplanation: Involves proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia.47. Structure passes through greater sciatic foramen (a) extensor of hip (c) gluteal nerve (d) flexor of the knee (e) adduction of hipExplanation: Sciatic nerve and gluteal vessels pass through (c).48. Major source of progesterone in early 8 weeks of pregnancy is (a) Corpus luteum (c) Maternal liver (d) PlacentalExplanation: Corpus luteum (a) is the main source early in pregnancy.49. In emphysema, pulmonary function test shows (a) Decreased residual volume (c) Increased FEV1/FVCExplanation: Increased total lung capacity (not listed) and decreased FEV1/FVC occur.50. Increased total lung capacity (a) Increased vital capacityExplanation: Increased total lung capacity (a) occurs in obstructive lung diseases.51. Hot air oven is used for sterilization of (a) Scalpel (c) Wire loop (d) Needle (e) Swab stickExplanation: Hot air ovens sterilize glassware and metal instruments (a, c).This covers all items with brief explanations. Let me know if you want more detail on any specific question!