KMC Dental

21/03/2017

Canker Sores: Causes, Remedies, and Prevention
Canker sores are easily identified in the mouth; they are a widespread, well-known condition. Although they can be very uncomfortable, they are rarely a cause for concern.
In this article, we ask if there is anything that can be done to relieve canker sores, and if there are times when they require medical attention.
What is a canker sore?
A canker sore is a type of mouth ulcer, known medically as an aphthous ulcer. Canker sores are one of the most common complaints of the mouth.
They can occur at any age but are more likely in younger adults and women.
Children as young as 2 years may develop canker sores, but they do not normally appear until adolescence.
Although most people only have occasional canker sores, around 20-30 percent of people have recurrent episodes.
Causes of canker sores
Researchers have not yet provided a scientific explanation of why canker sores develop; however, there are some factors that are known to be involved, including viral infection.
The causes of recurrent cases of canker sore - known as recurrent oral aphthous ulcers or recurrent aphthous stomatitis - are also unclear, although there are links with a number of factors including a family history of aphthous ulcers, and allergies.
Ulcers are sometimes associated with other conditions needing medical attention, such as inflammatory bowel disease, compromised immunity, allergies, and nutritional deficiency.
Treatment of ulcers is largely confined to managing the symptoms.
The following factors are thought to be involved in canker sores:
- Hormonal changes
- Physical trauma (damage to the lining of the mouth, such as during dental treatment)
- Drugs
- Food hypersensitivity
- Nutritional deficiencies, including iron, folic acid, zinc, and vitamin B12
- Stress
A report by the United States Surgeon General estimates that up to 25 percent of the general population are affected by recurrent canker sores, noting there may be higher numbers among selected groups, such as health professional students.
Symptoms of canker sores
Canker sores cause local pain and can be easily irritated. In simple cases, these are the only symptoms, although the pain may cause feelings of being fed up with the mouth ulcer.
Common features of canker sores include:
- Well-defined, round, smaller than a centimeter across, and usually shallow in the mouth's lining - mucosal surface
- White or yellow-gray center surrounded by an inflammatory red margin
- Often fading to gray over time
- Normally in the front part of the mouth, on its floor, inside of the lip (labial mouth), inside of the cheeks (buccal), or under the front or sides of the tongue
- Sometimes affecting the gums and, relatively uncommonly, the surface of the back part of the mouth
- Typically persists for 1-2 weeks before healing
When to see a doctor about canker sores
Common canker sores usually heal without the need for medical treatment. More severe or recurrent cases may be eased by prescribed treatments, although these do not "cure" the ulcers.
As a general guide, canker sores should be brought to the attention of a dentist or doctor when they:
- Persist for more than 2 weeks without improvement
- Get worse - including while being treated with home remedies
- Recur often - 2 to 3 times a year or more - or are particularly numerous or severe
- Are accompanied by other symptoms, such as fever, diarrhea, headache, or skin rash
- Are thought to be part of another condition
Treatments for canker sores
The good news is that the pain and discomfort of canker sores can be reduced by readily available prescription and non-prescription treatments and home remedies.
Simple cases of occasional canker sores are self-limiting; they will heal over and disappear without intervention. No remedies are proven to change the course of canker sores themselves or stop them returning - treatments mostly just reduce pain, discomfort, and complication.
Few treatments marketed for canker sores have been through extensive clinical testing.
The management of canker sores is focused on treating symptoms, reducing inflammation, and promoting the healing process by countering secondary effects that could slow this down, such as bacterial infection.
Treatments may include steroid mouth rinses, topical anesthetics, antiseptic ointments/rinses, or nutritional supplements.
Home remedies for canker sores
The home remedy below is suggested by the U.S. Library of Medicine and can be followed three or four times a day:
- Rinse with mild, over-the-counter mouthwash or salt water (do not swallow)
- Make a mixture that is half hydrogen peroxide and half water
- Use a cotton swab to apply some of the mixture directly to the sore
- Dab a small amount of milk of magnesia on the sore
So-called alternative therapies may also be worth trying. A review of the management of canker sores written for the journal American Family Physician, listed a number of options, although it noted that there had been no randomized controlled trials to robustly test safety and efficacy:
- Anecdotes of relief and better healing from sucking on zinc gluconate lozenges (sold for the common cold)
- Vitamin C, vitamin B complex, and lysine "may speed healing when taken orally at the onset of lesions"
- Sage and chamomile mouthwash 4-6 times a day may help - infuse equal parts of the two herbs in water
- Echinacea may have an effect the immune system and speed healing
- Carrot, celery, and cantaloupe juices "have been reported as helpful"
Prescription therapies for canker sores
More severe or persistent cases of canker sores need to be checked by a doctor to rule out associated conditions or to access prescription treatments.
Again, any treatments aimed at the ulcers themselves are not certain to change their course, but can ease the symptoms.
Antibiotics may be prescribed to minimize inflammatory irritation if a bacterial infection is present.
Anesthetics, as well as being available in consumer products for canker sores, may also be prescribed as topical preparations to ease irritation and pain.
Some medicines designed for other conditions can sometimes be used. The American Academy of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, for example, cites an association between recurrent cases of canker sores and an overactive immune system, so topical immunosuppressant medications may help, such as locally applied cortisone.
With a similar mode of action, topical corticosteroids are often considered by doctors; these include clobetasol ointment, dexamethasone rinse, and fluocinonide gel (Lidex). One possible side effect of using corticosteroids against canker sores is a fungal infection in the mouth.
Particularly severe or recurrent cases of canker sores may be referred to an oral specialist who might consider systemic rather than locally applied (topical) drugs.
These specialists may also be needed to make a more specific diagnosis - some rare cases of recurrent canker sores are diagnosed as Sutton disease, for example.

23/02/2017

Troppo cortisolo: lo stress nuoce a denti e gengive

Non solo ansia, nervosismo e suscettibilità: alti livelli di cortisolo dovuti allo stress nuocciono, oltre che alla salute mentale, anche a quella dei denti. A sostenerlo uno studio dell`University of Harvard (Boston, Stati Uniti), secondo cui se si è particolarmente stressati le gengive possono risentirne.
Oltre che con i livelli di stress, i ricercatori hanno trovato un collegamento tra le malattie gengivali e i sintomi correlati allo stress come ansia, depressione e solitudine. Dal bruxismo (digrignamento dei denti), alla secchezza della bocca, all`infiammazione delle gengive, diversi sono i disturbi che possono interessare i denti perché, spiegano i ricercatori, lo stress rende più difficile per l`organismo combattere le infezioni. Le spie dello stress sui denti?Sanguinamento delle gengive, gengive gonfie, alito cattivo, dolori nella masticazione, denti sensibili al caldo e al freddo.
Non è tutta colpa del cortisolo, spiegano i ricercatori. Lo stress può infatti rendere le persone più lassiste circa le loro abitudini sulla salute orale: "Gli individui con alti livelli di stress tendono ad aumentare le loro cattive abitudini, che possono essere nocive per la salute parodontale. Sono meno attenti alla propria igiene orale e possono incrementare l`uso di nicotina, alcol o farmaci - concludono i ricercatori -. Chi soffre di problemi ai denti dovrebbe cercare dei modi sani per alleviare lo stress attraverso l`esercizio, un`alimentazione bilanciata, l`abbondanza di sonno e mantenendo un atteggiamento mentale positivo".

23/02/2017

Periodontitis may be an early sign of type 2 diabetes
According to the latest data, diabetes affects approximately 422 million people worldwide, and this number is expected to increase.
In the United States, 29 million people live with the disease. Of these, over 8 million people have it but have not been diagnosed, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
The CDC also estimate that 37 percent of American adults over the age of 20 have prediabetes.
New research - published in the journal BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care - suggests severe gum disease, or periodontitis, might be an early sign of diabetes.
The authors also suggest a simple finger stick diabetes screening procedure could be carried out in the dental office to avoid the adverse effects of leaving diabetes untreated.
Studying the link between severe gum disease and diabetes
Researchers from the University of Amsterdam in The Netherlands assessed a total of 313 participants from a dental clinic at the university.
Of these, 126 patients had mild-to-moderate gum disease, 78 patients had severe periodontitis, and 198 individuals did not have signs of gum disease.
Participants with periodontitis had a higher body mass index (BMI) than the rest, with an average BMI of 27. However, other diabetes risk factors - such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol - were similar across all three groups.
The researchers analyzed higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values in dry blood spots, and evaluated the differences in mean HbA1c values, as well as the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes between the two groups.
HbA1c values measure the average level of blood sugar in the last 2-3 months. The dry blood spots were obtained by sampling participants' blood using a finger pin-prick test.
Prediabetes is commonly considered to range between an HbA1C value of 39-47 millimoles per mol (mmol/mol).
Most diabetes cases found among those with periodontitis
The analysis revealed that those with the most severe form of periodontitis also had the highest HbA1c values.
The average HbA1c values for the severe gum disease group was 45 mmol/mol, compared with 43 mmol/mol in those with mild-to-moderate gum disease and 39 mmol/mol among those without gum disease.
Additionally, the researchers found a high percentage of people with suspected diabetes and prediabetes among participants with mild-to-moderate as well as severe gum disease.
In the severe gum disease group, 23 percent of study participants were suspected of diabetes, whereas 14 percent of the mild-to-moderate gum disease participants had suspected diabetes. In the severe gum disease group, 47 percent had prediabetes, and 46 percent of those in the mild-to-moderate group had prediabetes.
By comparison, 37 percent of those with no gum disease had prediabetes, and 10 percent had suspected diabetes.
Additionally, the researchers found previously undiagnosed cases of diabetes across the three groups: 8.5 percent of those with no gum disease and a little under 10 percent of those with mild-to-moderate gum disease had not been previously diagnosed with the disease until the study.
As much as 18 percent of those with severe gum disease had not been diagnosed with diabetes.

24/01/2017

Arrossamenti e tumefazioni: ecco come si manifesta la gengivite
Ma i sintomi possono essere anche molto lievi e passare inosservati. Per il benessere della bocca è bene non abbassare mai la guardia
Gengive arrossate, che si retraggono, che fanno male al tatto o che sanguinano, anche poco, quando le spazzoliamo o quando passiamo tra un dente e l'altro il filo interdentale: sono i sintomi della gengivite, l'infiammazione del tessuto che riveste il colletto dei denti e forma le arcate dentarie, la gengiva.

La causa più frequente all'origine di questo disturbo è la presenza di placca batterica sottogengivale che scatena la reazione del sistema immunitario, dando vita allo stato infiammatorio tipico della gengivite. Oltre alla placca batterica, altre sono le condizioni che possono causare questo disturbo: l'assunzione di determinati farmaci, malnutrizione, lesioni traumatiche, presenza di virus e funghi, predisposizione genetica. E ci sono poi alcuni fattori che possono favorire l'insorgenza di gengiviti: tra questi ricordiamo l'abitudine al fumo, la presenza di alcune malattie come cancro, il diabete, e Hiv e le variazioni ormonali (nella donna).

Sebbene, in caso di gengiviti iniziali o di lieve entità, i sintomi possano essere leggeri e pressoché trascurabili, è bene non sottovalutarli e farsi visitare da un dentista di fiducia che indicherà la strada migliore da seguire per risolvere la condizione: in questo modo si eviterà che il processo infiammatorio a carico della gengive si aggravi. Se trattata, infatti, la maggior parte delle volte la gengivite regredisce senza lasciare problemi; se, al contrario, non viene curata, può evolvere in affezioni più gravi come gengiviti ricorrenti, ascessi e parodontiti (processi infiammatori più profondi che possono arrivare a provocare la perdita dei denti).

Come spiegano gli esperti dell'AIDI (Associazione Igienisti Dentali Italiani) sono cinque le attività di prevenzione quotidiana che ciascuno di noi può svolgere per ridurre al minimo il rischio di gengiviti: lavare i denti dopo ogni pasto; utilizzare un dentifricio specifico; utilizzare il collutorio in abbinamento alla quotidiana igiene orale; eseguire quotidianamente il controllo del bordo gengivale per individuare precocemente segnali di allarme come gonfiore o sanguinamento a carico delle gengive, al fine di intervenire al più presto per ristabilire il benessere di gengive e bocca; effettuare periodiche visite dal dentista per valutare la salute del cavo orale.

24/01/2017

Chewing your food could protect against infection
The study, recently published in the journal Immunity, found that chewing food - otherwise known as mastication - can stimulate the release of T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the mouth.

Th17 cells form a part of the adaptive immune system, which uses specific antigens to defend against potentially harmful pathogens, while enduring "friendly" bacteria that can be beneficial to health.

According to the study team, led by Dr. Joanne Konkel of the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom, in the gut and the skin, Th17 cells are produced through the presence of friendly bacteria.

However, the researchers note that the mechanisms by which Th17 cells are produced in the mouth have been unclear.

Chewing 'can induce a protective immune response in our gums'
Dr. Konkel and colleagues note that the mechanical force required by mastication leads to physiological abrasion and damage in the mouth.

With this in mind, the team set out to investigate whether such damage might play a role in oral Th17 cell production.

A significant reduction in oral Th17 cell production was noted, which the team speculated was down to a reduction in mastication-induced physiological damage.

Dr. Konkel and colleagues believe these findings indicate that chewing food may help to protect us from illness.

The downsides of excessive mastication
However, the researchers caution that increased oral Th17 cell production may not always be beneficial; too many of these cells can increase the risk of periodontitis, or gum disease, which has been associated with numerous other health conditions, including diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.

In their study, the team also found that long-term exposure to physiological damage caused by mastication can exacerbate the effects of periodontitis.

Compared with mice fed soft food, the mice fed hard food showed more mastication-induced physiological damage in their mouths and increased periodontal bone loss.

Still, the researchers believe that their findings could lead to new strategies to combat an array of illnesses.

"Importantly, because inflammation in the mouth is linked to development of diseases all around the body," says Dr. Konkel, "understanding the tissue-specific factors that regulate immunity at the oral barrier could eventually lead to new ways to treat multiple inflammatory conditions."

23/11/2016

Do you REALLY need to floss? Consumer watchdog investigates whether flossing is a waste of time and money... as expert reveals there are other tools you can use to beat decay

Despite your dentist asking every time you see them, recently there has been much debate about how necessary flossing really is.
Investigations showed that flossing hasn't been proven to make a difference to decay or dental health.
But before you throw out your floss, Choice has investigated if it is still useful as part of your morning and nightly routine.

The Australian dental floss market is currently worth $26.4m, according to Retail World and despite recent claims casting doubt on the need for flossing, two significant groups, the Australian Dental Association (ADA) and Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP), still support people flossing daily.
The Head of the Bachelor of Oral Health at Sydney University, Dr Kimberly Coulton, told Choice she also supports flossing, although with come caveats.
She said that interdental cleaning, which is cleaning between the teeth, is important, but that flossing isn't necessarily how you should do that.

However flossing the wrong way or too hard can cause gum damage, and leave your mouth worse off than before.
'It's important to use something. I wouldn't say don't use anything interdentally,' the doctor explained.
Other tools you can use include interdental cleaners, and Dr Coulton advises talking to your own dentist about what is best for you.
Australia's National Oral Health plan has 11 recommendations for how you can care for your teeth, but flossing isn't included.

The plan recommends brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, using fluoride mouthwash, and limiting the amount of sugary drinks you consume.
These things appear to be more important than flossing, but as Dr Coulton says, generally if your dentist tells you to floss, you should.

17/10/2016

Bruxismo, colpisce oltre
15 milioni di italiani ..................
La diffusione del disturbo è cresciuta in tutto il mondo
Sono oltre 15 milioni gli italiani affetti da bruxismo. Lo comunicano gli esperti dell'Accademia italiana di odontoiatria protesica (Aiop), evidenziando che negli ultimi anni l’incidenza della malattia è aumentata significativamente in tutto il mondo. In Occidente, secondo le stime, il 12% delle persone soffrirebbe di bruxismo notturno, mentre circa il 30% della forma diurna.

Il bruxismo è un disturbo che coinvolge l’apparato dentale e mandibolaree colpisce persone di ogni età, compresi i bambini. Può manifestarsi con il serramento e il digrignamento dei denti, ma può assumere anche la forma del “serramento mandibolare”, che porta a mantenere i muscoli rigidi, in una posizione fissa, senza alcun contatto dentale. Quest’ultima condizione, in particolare, è considerata dagli esperti uno dei fenomeni emergenti del nuovo millennio. Fra le cause che favoriscono la diffusione di questo disturbo, spiegano esperti di Aiop, ci sono anche i ritmi di vita sempre più frenetici e alcuni comportamenti a rischio, come fumo e consumo di alcolici. Inoltre, può manifestarsi come effetto secondario di alcune droghe sintetiche.
Il disturbo può causare l’eccessiva e anomala usura dei denti e la presenza di scheggiature o incrinature della dentatura naturale e dei lavori odontoiatrici - come corone, intarsi, faccette e otturazioni. Inoltre, spesso provoca difficoltà funzionali nei movimenti di apertura e chiusura della bocca, indolenzimento dei muscoli masticatori e dellearticolazioni temporomandibolari. “Tra i principali segnali spia che possono far sospettare il bruxismo - spiega Fabio Carboncini, Presidente Aiop -, oltre a una dentatura danneggiata o consumata, vi sono il rumore notturno, presente nel 25% dei casi, la sensazione di tensione mandibolare al risveglio o di dolore localizzato alle arcate dentali e la ricorrenza di cefalee muscolo-tensive”.

“Nel bruxismo diurno l’approccio cognitivo-comportamentale è probabilmente la migliore opzione terapeutica disponibile: consente infatti di ottenere maggiori benefici nel lungo termine, favorendo la consapevolezza individuale del fenomeno e facendo comprendere al paziente la necessità di controllare la muscolatura masticatoria, mantenendola in posizione di riposo, durante la giornata – prosegue l’esperto -. Occorre poi agire sugli stili di vitameno alcol, fumo e caffè, soprattutto la sera, ritmi più rilassati e una buona qualità del sonno sono tutti fattori che aiutano ad allentare la tensione sui muscoli masticatori e il loro sovraffaticamento. In caso di bruxismo severo, è indicato l’uso delle placche intraorali in resina acrilica, i cosiddetti ‘bite’, di norma utilizzati solo la notte, allo scopo di proteggere la dentatura, alleviare la pressione sulle articolazioni mandibolari e distendere le fibre muscolari contratte. Assolutamente controindicate sono invece le placche ‘fai da te’ che, comprate in farmacia, possono addirittura accentuare il fenomeno”.

17/10/2016

Какви са функциите и съдържанието на слюнката?

Почти невъзможно е да минем покрай пекарна, да усетим комбинацията от най-различни аромати и в устата ни да не започне да се отделя слюнка. В допълнение, стомахът започва да къркори, докато ние отчаяно се опитваме да се сдобием с прясна закуска.

Защо се случва така, че устата ни се пълни със слюнка, когато усетим аромата на апетитни храни? Според проф. Гордън Проктър от Кралския университет в Лондон мирисът на храна води до претоварване на слюнчените жлези. Той обяснява, че в мозъка се формират по-големи количества слюнка само от полъха на пресен хляб.

Макар около 99% от нея се състои от вода, слюнката е забележително вещество. Без нея би било невъзможно да дъвчем и преглъщаме храната, а зъбите биха се развалили бързо. Освен това, сме изложени в по-голяма степен на инфекции като млечница в устната кухина, язви и заболявания на венците.

В слюнката се съдържат хормони, сред които тестостерон, кортизол и мелатонин, както и минерали, като калций, електролити и антибактериални вещества. В нея се откриват и клетки, отделени от лигавицата в устата, които позволяват от проба от слюнка да се анализира ДНК, както и молекулите, отговорни за експресията на РНК.
В слюнката се съдържат и дълговерижни протеинови молекули. Те ѝ придават еластичност и способност за залепване, което позволява на слюнката да образува защитна бариера над мукозния слой в устната кухина. Тя защитава тъканите от механични увреждания.

Има три двойки слюнчени жлези под езика, в бузите и челюстта, които изпращат слюнка чрез каналчета в устната кухина. Всяка от тези двойки формира различни количества слюнка.

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06/10/2016

Receding Gums: Treatment Options and Causes
Receding gums are also known as gingival recession. The pink gum tissue normally covers the root of the tooth. This can become exposed when the gum is pushed back or if the tooth is in an abnormal position.
Receding gums are common and often unnoticed at an early stage. There are many risk factors, but age is a main one - 88 percent of people older than 65 have receding gums in at least one tooth.
The main concern with receding gums is that when the roots of the teeth become exposed, they are at risk for decay, infection, and loss. Treatment can stop or reverse the process of gum recession if begun at an early stage.
If the recession is severe and the patient has symptoms such as tooth sensitivity, pain, or infection, a variety of treatment options are available. These include deep cleaning, medicine to fight infections, and even tissue grafts.

What are the gums?

The gums are also known as the gingivae. The gingiva is the moist pink tissue in the mouth that meets the base of the teeth. There are two such gums - one for the upper, and one for the lower set of teeth.
The gingiva is a dense tissue with a good supply of blood vessels beneath a moist surface. The surface is called mucous membrane. It is joined to the rest of the mouth lining but is pink instead of shiny red.
The gums tightly surround the teeth up to the neck of each one and are firmly attached to the jaw bone. The gums usually cover the roots of the teeth, protecting them as they are more fragile than the rest of the teeth
Gingival recession exposes the fragile tooth roots to bacteria, plaque, and other forms of decay.
Why do gums recede?
Poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease are linked to gingival recession. But receding gums can happen in people with good standards of oral hygiene, too.
Broadly, there are two causes of receding gums:
 Physical wear of the gums
 Inflammation of the gum tissues - this is a reaction of the immune system
Some people are more prone to receding gums because of inherited factors. These factors include their tooth position and gum thickness.
Physical wear of the gums by vigorous tooth brushing or use of hard bristles is a common cause of receding gums.
People with this problem otherwise have good oral hygiene. The teeth and gums otherwise appear healthy when receding gums are caused by over-brushing.
This type of recession often affects the left side more. This is because most people use a toothbrush in their right hand and so put more pressure on the left gums. The pattern also tends to affect the side gums more than the front.
Other physical factors that push the gums back include lip piercings, misaligned teeth, and damage caused by dental treatment.
Some people are more prone to the inflammatory causes of receding gums. Thinner gum tissue makes inflammation caused by plaque more likely. The gums are more delicate in some people.
Periodontal disease is a common cause of gum recession. Periodontal disease causes the loss of the supporting bone around a tooth through an inflammatory reaction. The gum recession tends to affect all the teeth in a similar way.
Periodontal disease is caused by plaque buildup. Plaque is a sticky film that forms on the teeth. Bacteria, mucus, cells, and other particles are involved in the formation of plaque.
When plaque builds up on teeth, it causes:
 Inflamed gums known as gingivitis. This condition can lead to periodontitis
 Periodontitis results in spaces between the gums and teeth and loss of connective fibers and bone around the tooth roots. This leads to receding gums
Tartar is hardened plaque and cannot be removed by tooth brushing. Instead, it must be removed at a dentist's office
Problems caused by receding gums
Many people with receding gums have no concern about them early on. Many others are unaware that they have recession.
For some, though, the concern may be about:
 Appearance
 Fear of tooth loss
 Sensitivity due to exposed tooth roots
Assessing concerns about the way gums look may include checking how much of the gums are on show.
For some people, the gums show when talking and smiling. Others have a different lip line that does not expose the gums to view.
Treatment for receding gums
Most cases of mild gum recession do not need treatment. Dentists may simply give advice about prevention and offer to monitor the gums. Teaching people how to brush gently but effectively is a good early intervention.
For people who do need treatment, a number of options are available:
 Desensitizing agents, varnishes, and dentine bonding agents: These aim to reduce any sensitivity that may develop in the exposed tooth root. This treats the nerve symptoms and helps to keep normal oral hygiene by allowing brushing of sensitive teeth to continue
 Composite restoration: Tooth-colored composite resins are used to cover the root surface. They can also close black gaps between teeth, as shown in these before-and-after pictures from the British Dental Journal.
 Pink porcelain or composite: This is the same pink color of the gums.
 Removable gingival veneers made from acrylic or silicone.
 Orthodontics: Treatments designed to move the position of teeth can correct the gum margin.

07/07/2016

The Animal Avengers is a voluntary team of four Brazilian veterinarians, a dentist and 3D design specialist who pool their skills to save injured animals with specially designed prostheses.

13/06/2016

Лош дъх – как да го премахнем ?

Лош дъх
Лош дъх или халитоза, може да бъде причинен от много фактори, като например специфична храна, гниещи зъби, заболяване на венците, сухота в устата, пушене на цигари, болест на синусите или дихателните пътища, някои общи заболявания, недостатъчна хигиена на устната кухина или използването на някои медикаменти.
Вашият стоматолог може да Ви помогне в откриването на причините за това явление и ако са свързани с устата, да определи подходяща терапия, която да помогне за премахването на лошия дъх.
Хигиенски причини за лош дъх

Всичко, което ядем, определя какъв ни е дъхът. Някои храни, като лука или чесъна например, допринасят да имаме лош дъх. При абсорбирането на храната в кръвта, тя достига до белите дробове, откъдето се издишва през устата и носа. Миенето на зъбите или използването на вода за уста може да маскира лошия дъх, но само временно! Той изчезва единствено, когато приетата храна изцяло се изгуби в кръвта.
Ако не се поддържа добра хигиена в устната кухина, частици от храната остават върху зъбите, венците и езика и произвеждат големи количества бактерии, които при гниенето си предизвикват неприятен мирис.
Различни заболявания, като причина за лош дъх
Редовните стоматологични прегледи са превенция. Открити на време, тези заболявания могат да спрат по-нататъшно прогресиране на заболяването и по този начин да се премахне лошия дъх.Един от най-тревожните признаци при заболяване на венците е постоянен лош дъх или неприятен вкус в устата. Те са причинени главно от зъбна плака (лепкаво, безцветно вещество, пълно с бактерии), която непрекъснато се образува по зъбите. Бактериите произвеждат токсини, които дразнят и повреждат венците. При напреднал стадий, може да се стигне до увреждане на венците, което да се разпространи към костите и да започнете да губите зъбите си.
Лош дъх може да се причини и поради сухота в устата – ксеростомия, която възниква в резултат на недостатъчна слюнка. Слюнката е необходима, за да „измие“ устата и да премахне всички вещества, които могат да причинят лош дъх. Сухотата в устата може да се дължи на използването на различни лекарства, заболявания на слюнчените жлези или непрекъснато дишане през уста, а не през нос.
Ако имате този проблем, Вашият зъболекар може да Ви насочи към употребата на изкуствена слюнка или да Ви препоръча бонбони без захар, които ще увеличат отделянето на слюнка.
Лош дъх може да се дължи и на много общи заболявания като: инфекции на дихателните пътища (носа, трахеята, белите дробове), хроничен синузит, хроничен бронхит, диабет, стомашни заболявания, чернодробно или бъбречно заболяване. Ако Вашият стоматолог прецени, че устата Ви е здрава и все пак продължавате да имате лош дъх, то тогава е добре да се консултирате с личния си лекар, за да се намери окончателно причината за лош дъх.
Как да предотвратим появата на лош дъх?
Елиминирането на оралните заболявания и поддържането на добро здраве е съществен фактор. Редовните посещения при зъболекаря за проверка и почистване на зъбен камък, също са необходими. Избягвайте храни, които причиняват лош дъх. Мийте зъбите си след всяко хранене, най-малко два пъти на ден – сутрин и вечер. Не забравяйте да миете и езика – върху него се запазват много от остатъците от храната, която е един от факторите за лош дъх. Вечер, след като си измиете зъбите, не забравяйте да използвате конец. Ако носите протези, ги измийте старателно след всяко хранене. Можете също така да използвате вода за уста, но само като допълнение към редовната хигиена.