09/02/2024
Complications from abnormal blood glucose levels can be serious and long-term. Both high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) present risks, particularly in individuals with diabetes. Here’s an overview:
Complications of High Blood Glucose (Hyperglycemia)
Cardiovascular Disease: Increased risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke due to damage to blood vessels.
Nerve Damage (Neuropathy): Excess glucose can injure the walls of tiny blood vessels that nourish nerves, leading to tingling, numbness, burning, or pain.
Kidney Damage (Nephropathy): The kidneys' filtering system can be damaged, potentially leading to kidney failure or end-stage kidney disease.
Eye Damage: Can lead to cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, potentially causing blindness.
Foot Damage: Nerve damage, combined with poor blood flow, increases the risk of foot complications, infections, and ulcers, possibly requiring amputation.
Skin Conditions: Diabetes can leave you more susceptible to skin problems, including bacterial and fungal infections.
Hearing Impairment: Higher rates of hearing problems have been noted in people with diabetes.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Type 2 diabetes may increase the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. The poorer your blood sugar control, the greater the risk appears to be.
Complications of Low Blood Glucose (Hypoglycemia)
Seizures and Loss of Consciousness: Severe hypoglycemia can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, and, in extreme cases, death.
Cognitive Impairment: Repeated episodes of hypoglycemia can lead to cognitive decline and memory problems.
Mood and Behavior Changes: Hypoglycemia can cause sudden mood swings, nervousness, anxiety, irritability, confusion, and even aggressive behavior.
Physical Weakness: Low blood sugar can cause dizziness, lack of coordination, and weakness, impacting daily activities.