02/07/2026
A great read explaining the Cranial Base and Osteopathic importance. A few visual and outward symptoms are the horse that won’t let you touch its ears, unable to rotate its head and neck to look left and right without angling head and neck, pull backs, and a general “grumpy” demeanour.
𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗲: 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗜𝘁 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 🧠🐴
𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙘𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙗𝙖𝙨𝙚 𝙞𝙨 𝙣𝙤𝙩 𝙟𝙪𝙨𝙩 “𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙝𝙚𝙖𝙙 𝙢𝙚𝙚𝙩𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙣𝙚𝙘𝙠.” 𝙄𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙖 𝙥𝙧𝙞𝙢𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙣𝙚𝙪𝙧𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙜𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡, 𝙫𝙖𝙨𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙖𝙧, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙣𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙘 𝙘𝙧𝙤𝙨𝙨𝙧𝙤𝙖𝙙𝙨.
Formed by the occiput, sphenoid, temporal bones and their articulations (including the occipito-atlantal and spheno-basilar regions), the cranial base houses and influences:
• The brainstem
• Multiple cranial nerve exits
• Venous drainage of the head
• The dural tube and its continuity with the spinal cord
• Parasympathetic centres critical for autonomic regulation
𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘮𝘦𝘢𝘯𝘴 𝘥𝘺𝘴𝘧𝘶𝘯𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘪𝘴 𝘳𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘪𝘴𝘰𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘥 𝘢𝘭𝘰𝘯𝘦.
𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝘂𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗕𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲
The autonomic nervous system is never on or off, it is a constant balance between: • Sympathetic drive (alert, reactive, survival) • Parasympathetic regulation (rest, digest, recover).
The cranial base plays a direct role in this balance because: • The vagus nerve (CN X) exits here • The brainstem sits immediately cranial to it • The dura mater transmits tension from the cranium to the sacrum.
𝘞𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘤𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘣𝘢𝘴𝘦 𝘮𝘰𝘣𝘪𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘪𝘴 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘦𝘥, 𝘩𝘰𝘳𝘴𝘦𝘴 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘳𝘦𝘮𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘬𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘴𝘺𝘮𝘱𝘢𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘵𝘪𝘤 𝘥𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦, 𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘯 𝘪𝘯 𝘴𝘢𝘧𝘦 𝘦𝘯𝘷𝘪𝘳𝘰𝘯𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘴.
So the autonomic nervous system is never “on or off.”
Sympathetic and parasympathetic tone are always co-existing, adjusting moment-to-moment to maintain homeostasis.
𝗔𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲, 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗮𝘀𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗹𝘂𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻𝘁:
• The vagus nerve (CN X) exits via the foramen lacerum
• Cranial parasympathetic nuclei reside within the brainstem
• Dural tension patterns can directly influence autonomic tone
If the cranial base is restricted, compressed, or asymmetrical, the horse may lose the ability to down-regulate, even when no gross pathology is visible on imaging.
𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝘄𝗲 𝘀𝗲𝗲 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗲:
• Hypervigilant
• Unable to stand still
• Over-reactive to touch> ears!!
• Chronically tense despite “nothing obvious” being wrong
𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻:
In equine osteopathy, we are not chasing symptoms, we are restoring mechanical and neurological permissiveness.
𝗖𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗹𝘂𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲:
• Cranial nerve function
• Ocular reflexes
• Head posture and poll comfort
• Trigeminal sensitivity
• Autonomic imbalance (sympathetic dominance)
Importantly, this does not require a fracture, lesion, or disease process.
Subtle changes in motion, tone, or dural tension are enough to alter neurological signalling.
🐎𝗢𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗰 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗰𝗵:
Cranial work is not forceful manipulation: It is precise, informed, and responsive.
🔆𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝗶𝗺 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗼:
• Reduce dural strain
• Improve cranial base mobility
• Support parasympathetic expression
• Allow the nervous system to self-regulate
Often, the biggest change is not what the horse does; but what it no longer needs to do to feel safe.
𝗖𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝘀 𝗪𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗲 𝗮𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗶𝘀𝘁𝘀 (𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗢𝘄𝗻𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗡𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲):
𝘏𝘰𝘳𝘴𝘦𝘴 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘤𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘣𝘢𝘴𝘦 𝘥𝘺𝘴𝘧𝘶𝘯𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘢𝘴:
• “Spooky” or hypervigilant
• Reactive to light, shadow, or enclosed spaces
• Anxious during routine handling
• Unable to settle, stand still, or switch off
• Showing headshaking or facial sensitivity
These are not training problems, they are often regulation problems.
𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗰𝗿𝘂𝗺 𝗦𝘁𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀:
Through the craniosacral system, dural tension at the cranial base is transmitted all the way to the sacrum.
If the sacrum cannot move freely, or if the axis of strain described by Sunderland is compromised, the entire system struggles to find homeostasis.
𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝘆 𝗶𝗻 𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗵𝘆:
• The cranial base is never treated in isolation
• The occiput, atlas, axis, diaphragm, and sacrum are functionally linked
• True regulation is a whole-system process
𝗜𝗻 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆
𝘐𝘯 𝘚𝘶𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘺𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘲𝘶𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘤𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘣𝘢𝘴𝘦 𝘪𝘴:
• A neurological crossroads
• An autonomic regulator
• A biomechanical keystone
And the foramen lacerum is one of the most important exits in the horse, particularly for parasympathetic regulation.
𝗨𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝘀 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘁:
• Behaviour
• Stress responses
• “Spookiness”
• Recovery
Next post> a head shaking case and what i found
Tomorrow > diaphragm part 2