05/27/2019
The term proprioceptive system was first proposed by Sherrington more than 100 years ago (1). Sherrington also proposed that for movement to take place, there needs to be the excitation of one or more agonist muscle(s) with a simultaneous inhibition of the antagonist muscle(s) acting at the same joint (2). For these processes to occur smoothly, the brain must recognise the correct state of tonicity of each of the muscles involved.
Even within the same main type of signs and symptoms, different areas of the body can be differently affected. For example, regarding:
1. Chronic or acute pain: a patient's main complaint could range from headaches or migraines; or neck pain, upper spine pain, or lower spine pain, including cruralgia and sciatalgia.
2. Lack of balance: a patient may present as the main symptom vertigo, dizziness, frequent falls, unsteadiness, mal de débarquement, or nausea/sickness.
3. Cognitive impairments: a patient may present as the main symptom a low attention span, poor spatial orientation, memory impairment, or difficulties in interpreting information including visual and auditory information.
Orlando Alves da Silva, Opthalmology, Postural Deficiency Syndrome, Proprioception Dysfunction Syndrome, Active Prisms, PDS