Diseases and drugs

12/04/2026

call for participation

09/04/2026

Important of vitamins to the body

25/03/2026

GUIDING HANDS AFRICA

25/03/2026

16/03/2026

DEFINITION
A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens of your eye. For people who have cataracts, seeing through cloudy lenses is a bit like looking through a frosty or fogged-up window.

Clouded vision caused by cataracts can make it more difficult to read, drive a car (especially at night) or see the expression on a friend's face.

Most cataracts develop slowly and don't disturb your eyesight early on. But with time, cataracts will eventually interfere with your vision.

At first, stronger lighting and eyeglasses can help you deal with cataracts. But if impaired vision interferes with your usual activities, you might need cataract surgery. Fortunately, cataract surgery is generally a safe, effective procedure.

SYMPTOMS
Signs and symptoms of cataracts include:

Clouded, blurred or dim vision
Increasing difficulty with vision at night
Sensitivity to light and glare
Seeing "halos" around lights
Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription
Fading or yellowing of colors
Double vision in a single eye
At first, the cloudiness in your vision caused by a cataract may affect only a small part of the eye's lens and you may be unaware of any vision loss. As the cataract grows larger, it clouds more of your lens and distorts the light passing through the lens. This may lead to signs and symptoms you're more likely to notice.

When to see a doctor
Make an appointment for an eye exam if you notice any changes in your vision. If you develop sudden vision changes, such as double vision or blurriness, see your doctor right away.

CAUSES
Most cataracts develop when aging or injury changes the tissue that makes up your eye's lens.

Some cataracts are related to inherited genetic disorders that cause other health problems and increase your risk of cataracts. Cataracts can also be caused by other eye conditions, medical conditions such as diabetes, trauma or past eye surgery. Long-term use of steroid medications, too, can cause cataracts to develop.

How a cataract forms
The lens, where cataracts form, is positioned behind the colored part of your eye (iris). The lens focuses light that passes into your eye, producing clear, sharp images on the retina — the light-sensitive membrane on the back inside wall of your eyeball that functions like the film of a camera.

A cataract scatters the light as it passes through the lens, preventing a sharply defined image from reaching your retina. As a result, your vision becomes blurred.

As you age, the lenses in your eyes become less flexible, less transparent and thicker. Age-related changes cause tissues within the lens to break down and clump together, clouding small areas within the lens. As the cataract continues to develop, the clouding becomes denser and involves a greater part of the lens.

Cataracts may develop in only one eye, but they usually develop in both of your eyes. However, the cataracts usually aren't totally symmetrical, and the cataract in one eye may be more advanced than the other.

Types of cataracts
Cataract types include:

Cataracts that affect the center of the lens (nuclear cataracts). A nuclear cataract may at first cause you to become more nearsighted or even experience a temporary improvement in your reading vision. But with time, the lens gradually turns more densely yellow and further clouds your vision.

As the cataract slowly progresses, the lens may even turn brown. Advanced yellowing or browning of the lens can lead to difficulty distinguishing between shades of color.

Cataracts that affect the edges of the lens (cortical cataracts). A cortical cataract begins as whitish, wedge-shaped opacities or streaks on the outer edge of the lens cortex.

As it slowly progresses, the streaks extend to the center and interfere with light passing through the center of the lens. People with cortical cataracts often experience problems with glare.

Cataracts that affect the back of the lens (posterior subcapsular cataracts). A posterior subcapsular cataract starts as a small, opaque area that usually forms near the back of the lens, right in the path of light on its way to the retina.

A posterior subcapsular cataract often interferes with your reading vision, reduces your vision in bright light, and causes glare or halos around lights at night.

Cataracts you're born with (conge***al cataracts). Some people are born with cataracts or develop them during childhood. Such cataracts may be the result of the mother having contracted an infection during pregnancy.

These cataracts also may be due to certain conditions, such as myotonic dystrophy, galactosemia, Lowe's syndrome or rubella. Conge***al cataracts don't always affect vision, but if they do they're usually removed soon after detection.

RISK FACTORS
Factors that increase your risk of cataracts include:

Increasing age
Diabetes
Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol
Excessive exposure to sunlight
Exposure to ionizing radiation, such as that used in X-rays and cancer radiation therapy
Family history of cataracts
High blood pressure
Obesity
Previous eye injury or inflammation
Previous eye surgery
Prolonged use of corticosteroid medications
Smoking
PREPARING FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT
Make an appointment with your usual eye care provider if you notice changes in your vision. If your doctor determines that you have cataracts, then you may be referred to an eye specialist who can perform cataract surgery (ophthalmologist).

Because appointments can be brief, and because there's often a lot to talk about, it's a good idea to be well prepared for your appointment. Here's some information to help you get ready and know what to expect from your doctor.

What you can do
Write down any symptoms you're experiencing, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment.
Write down key personal information, including any major stresses or recent life changes.
Make a list of all medications, vitamins or supplements that you're taking.
Take a family member or friend along. Sometimes it can be difficult to absorb all the information provided during an appointment. Someone who accompanies you may remember something that you missed or forgot.
Write down questions to ask your doctor.
Your time with your doctor is limited, so preparing a list of questions will help you make the most of your time together. List your questions from most important to least important in case time runs out. For cataracts, some basic questions to ask include:

Are cataracts causing my vision problems?
What are other possible causes for my vision problems?
What kinds of tests do I need?
Do I need cataract surgery?
Will cataract surgery correct my vision problems?
What are the potential risks of cataract surgery?
What will cataract surgery cost, and will my insurance cover it?
Can I drive myself home after cataract surgery?
How much time will I need to recover from cataract surgery?
Will any usual activities be restricted after cataract surgery? For how long?
After cataract surgery, how long should I wait before getting new glasses?
If I use Medicare, will it cover the cost of cataract surgery? Does Medicare cover the cost of new glasses after surgery?
How long can I take to decide about cataract surgery?
Are there risks to delaying cataract surgery?
If I wait a year or more before having surgery, will this make it more likely that surgery won't restore my vision?
If I don't want surgery right now, what else can I do to cope with my vision changes?
How will I know if my cataracts are getting worse?
I have these other health conditions. How can I best manage them together?
Are there any restrictions that I need to follow?
Are there any brochures or other printed material that I can take with me? What websites do you recommend?
What will determine whether I should plan for a follow-up visit?
In addition to the questions that you've prepared to ask your doctor, don't hesitate to ask questions at any time that you don't understand something.

What to expect from your doctor
Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions. Being ready to answer them may allow more time later to cover other points you want to address. Your doctor may ask:

When did you begin experiencing symptoms?
Have your symptoms been continuous or occasional?
Do you experience vision problems in bright light?
How severe are your symptoms?
Do your vision problems make it difficult for you to drive?
Do your vision problems make it difficult to read?
Do your vision problems make it difficult to do your job?
Have you ever had eye surgery?
Have you ever had an eye injury?
Have you ever been diagnosed with an eye problem, such as inflammation of your iris (iritis)?
Have you ever received radiation therapy to your head or neck?
What medications are you currently taking?
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS
To determine whether you have a cataract, your doctor will review your medical history and symptoms, and perform an eye examination. Your doctor may conduct several tests, including:

Asking you to read an eye chart (visual acuity test). A visual acuity test uses an eye chart to measure how well you can read a series of letters. Your eyes are tested one at a time, while the other eye is covered.

Using a chart or a viewing device with progressively smaller letters, your eye doctor determines if you have 20/20 vision or if your vision shows signs of impairment.

Using a light and magnification to examine your eye (slit-lamp examination). A slit lamp allows your eye doctor to see the structures at the front of your eye under magnification.

The microscope is called a slit lamp because it uses an intense line of light, a slit, to illuminate your cornea, iris, lens, and the space between your iris and cornea. The slit allows your doctor to view these structures in small sections, which makes it easier to detect any tiny abnormalities.

Dilating your eyes (retinal examination). To prepare for a retinal examination, your eye doctor puts dilating drops in your eyes to open your pupils wide. This makes it easier to examine the back of your eyes (retina).

Using a slit lamp or a special device called an ophthalmoscope, your eye doctor can examine your lens for signs of a cataract

TREATMENTS AND DRUGS
The only effective treatment for cataracts is surgery.

When to consider cataract surgery
Talk with your eye doctor about whether surgery is right for you. Most eye doctors suggest considering cataract surgery when your cataracts begin to affect your quality of life or interfere with your ability to perform normal daily activities, such as reading or driving at night.

It's up to you and your doctor to decide when cataract surgery is right for you. For most people, there is no rush to remove cataracts because they usually don't harm the eye.

Delaying the procedure won't make it more likely that you won't recover your vision if you later decide to have cataract surgery. Take time to consider the benefits and risks of cataract surgery with your doctor.

If you choose not to undergo cataract surgery now, your eye doctor may recommend periodic follow-up exams to see if your cataracts are progressing. How often you'll see your eye doctor depends on your situation.

What happens during cataract surgery
Cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens and replacing it with a clear artificial lens. The artificial lens, called an intraocular lens, is positioned in the same place as your natural lens, and it remains a permanent part of your eye.

For some people, other eye problems prohibit the use of an artificial lens. In these situations, once the cataract is removed, vision may be corrected with eyeglasses or contact lenses.

Cataract surgery is generally done on an outpatient basis, which means you won't need to stay in a hospital after the surgery.

During cataract surgery, your eye doctor uses local anesthesia to numb the area around your eye, but you usually stay awake during the procedure.

Cataract surgery is generally safe, but it carries a risk of infection and bleeding. Cataract surgery increases the risk of retinal detachment.

After the procedure, you'll have some discomfort for a few days. You generally will be healed within eight weeks.

If you need cataract surgery in both eyes, your doctor will schedule surgery to remove the cataract in the second eye a month or two after the first surgery.

LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES
No studies have proved how to prevent cataracts or slow the progression of cataracts. However, doctors think several strategies may be helpful, including:

Have regular eye examinations. Eye examinations can help detect cataracts and other eye problems at their earliest stages. Ask your doctor how often you should have an eye examination.
Quit smoking. Ask your doctor for suggestions about how to stop smoking. Medications, counseling and other strategies are available to help you.
Reduce alcohol use. Excessive alcohol use can increase the risk of cataracts.
Wear sunglasses. Ultraviolet light from the sun may contribute to the development of cataracts. Wear sunglasses that block ultraviolet B (UVB) rays when you're outdoors.
Manage other health problems. Follow your treatment plan if you have diabetes or other medical conditions that can increase your risk of cataracts.
Maintain a healthy weight. If you currently have a healthy weight, work to maintain it by exercising most days of the week. If you're overweight or obese, work to lose weight slowly by reducing your calorie intake and increasing the amount of exercise you get each day.
Choose a healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits and vegetables. Adding a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables to your diet ensures that you're getting many vitamins and nutrients. Fruits and vegetables have many antioxidants, which help maintain the health of your eyes.

Studies haven't proved that antioxidants in pill form can prevent cataracts. However, a large population study recently showed that a healthy diet rich in vitamins and minerals was associated with a reduced risk of developing cataracts. Fruits and vegetables have many proven health benefits and are a safe way to increase the amount of minerals and vitamins in your diet.

15/03/2026

DEFINITION
Syphilis is a bacterial infection usually spread by s*xual contact. The disease starts as a painless sore — typically on your ge****ls, re**um or mouth. Syphilis spreads from person to person via skin or mucous membrane contact with these sores.

After the initial infection, the syphilis bacteria can lie dormant in your body for decades before becoming active again. Early syphilis can be cured, sometimes with a single injection of penicillin. Without treatment, syphilis can severely damage your heart, brain or other organs, and can be life-threatening.

Syphilis rates in the United States have been declining among women since 2010, but rising among men, particularly men who have s*x with men. The ge***al sores associated with syphilis can make it easier to become infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.

SYMPTOMS
Syphilis develops in stages, and symptoms vary with each stage. But the stages may overlap, and symptoms don't always occur in the same order. You may be infected with syphilis and not notice any symptoms for years.

Primary syphilis
The first sign of syphilis is a small sore, called a chancre (SHANG-kur). The sore appears at the spot where the bacteria entered your body. While most people infected with syphilis develop only one chancre, some people develop several of them. The chancre usually develops about three weeks after exposure. Many people who have syphilis don't notice the chancre because it's usually painless, and it may be hidden within the va**na or re**um. The chancre will heal on its own within six weeks.

Secondary syphilis
Within a few weeks of the original chancre healing, you may experience a rash that begins on your trunk but eventually covers your entire body — even the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet. This rash is usually not itchy and may be accompanied by wart-like sores in the mouth or ge***al area. Some people also experience muscle aches, fever, sore throat and swollen lymph nodes. These signs and symptoms may disappear within a few weeks or repeatedly come and go for as long as a year.

Latent syphilis
If you aren't treated for syphilis, the disease moves from the secondary to the latent (hidden) stage, when you have no symptoms. The latent stage can last for years. Signs and symptoms may never return, or the disease may progress to the tertiary (third) stage.

Tertiary (late) syphilis
About 15 to 30 percent of people infected with syphilis who don't get treatment will develop complications known as tertiary (late) syphilis. In the late stages, the disease may damage your brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones and joints. These problems may occur many years after the original, untreated infection.

Conge***al syphilis
Babies born to women who have syphilis can become infected through the placenta or during birth. Most newborns with conge***al syphilis have no symptoms, although some experience a rash on the palms of their hands and the soles of their feet. Later symptoms may include deafness, teeth deformities and saddle nose — where the bridge of the nose collapses.

When to see a doctor
Call your doctor if you or your child experiences any unusual discharge, sore or rash — particularly if it occurs in the groin area.

CAUSES
The cause of syphilis is a bacterium called Treponema pallidum. The most common route of transmission is through contact with an infected person's sore during s*xual activity. The bacteria enter your body through minor cuts or abrasions in your skin or mucous membranes. Syphilis is contagious during its primary and secondary stages, and sometimes in the early latent period.

Less commonly, syphilis may spread through direct unprotected close contact with an active lesion (such as during kissing) or through an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy or childbirth (conge***al syphilis).

Syphilis can't be spread by using the same toilet, bathtub, clothing or eating utensils, or from doorknobs, swimming pools or hot tubs.

Once cured, syphilis doesn't recur. However, you can become reinfected if you have contact with someone's syphilis sore.

RISK FACTORS
You face an increased risk of acquiring syphilis if you:

Engage in unprotected s*x
Have s*x with multiple partners
Are a man who has s*x with men
Are infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS
COMPLICATIONS
Without treatment, syphilis can lead to damage throughout your body. Syphilis also increases the risk of HIV infection and, for women, can cause problems during pregnancy. Treatment can help prevent future damage but can't repair or reverse damage that's already occurred.

Small bumps or tumors
Called gummas, these bumps can develop on your skin, bones, liver or any other organ in the late stage of syphilis. Gummas usually disappear after treatment with antibiotics.

Neurological problems
Syphilis can cause a number of problems with your nervous system, including:

Stroke
Meningitis
Deafness
Visual problems
Dementia
Cardiovascular problems
These may include bulging (aneurysm) and inflammation of the aorta — your body's major artery — and of other blood vessels. Syphilis may also damage heart valves.

HIV infection
Adults with s*xually transmitted syphilis or other ge***al ulcers have an estimated two- to fivefold increased risk of contracting HIV. A syphilis sore can bleed easily, providing an easy way for HIV to enter your bloodstream during s*xual activity.

Pregnancy and childbirth complications
If you're pregnant, you may pass syphilis to your unborn baby. Conge***al syphilis greatly increases the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth or your newborn's death within a few days after birth.

TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS
Syphilis can be diagnosed by testing samples of:

Blood. Blood tests can confirm the presence of antibodies that the body produces to fight infection. The antibodies to the bacteria that cause syphilis remain in your body for years, so the test can be used to determine a current or past infection.
Fluid from sores. Your doctor may scrape a small sample of cells from a sore to be a**lyzed by microscope in a lab. This test can be done only during primary or secondary syphilis, when sores are present. The scraping can reveal the presence of bacteria that cause syphilis.
Cerebral spinal fluid. If it's suspected that you have nervous system complications of syphilis, your doctor may also suggest collecting a sample of cerebrospinal fluid through a procedure called a lumbar puncture (spinal tap).
Through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, your local health department offers partner services, which will help you notify your s*xual partners that they may be infected. That way, your partners can be tested and treated and the spread of syphilis can be curtailed.

TREATMENTS AND DRUGS
When diagnosed and treated in its early stages, syphilis is easy to cure. The preferred treatment at all stages is penicillin, an antibiotic medication that can kill the organism that causes syphilis. If you're allergic to penicillin, your doctor will suggest another antibiotic.

A single injection of penicillin can stop the disease from progressing if you've been infected for less than a year. If you've had syphilis for longer than a year, you may need additional doses.

Penicillin is the only recommended treatment for pregnant women with syphilis. Women who are allergic to penicillin can undergo a desensitization process that may allow them to take penicillin. Even if you're treated for syphilis during your pregnancy, your newborn child should also receive antibiotic treatment.

The first day you receive treatment you may experience what's known as the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. Signs and symptoms include fever, chills, nausea, achy pain and headache. This reaction usually doesn't last more than one day.

Treatment follow-up
After you're treated for syphilis, your doctor will ask you to:

Have periodic blood tests and exams to make sure you're responding to the usual dosage of penicillin
Avoid s*xual contact until the treatment is completed and blood tests indicate the infection has been cured
Notify your s*x partners so that they can be tested and get treatment if necessary
Be tested for HIV infection
LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES
To help prevent the spread of syphilis, follow these suggestions:

Abstain or be monogamous. The only certain way to avoid syphilis is to forgo having s*x. The next-best option is to have mutually monogamous s*x with one partner who is uninfected.
Use a latex condom. Condoms can reduce your risk of contracting syphilis, but only if the condom covers the syphilis sores.
Avoid recreational drugs. Excessive use of alcohol or other drugs can cloud your judgment and lead to unsafe s*xual practices.
Screening for pregnant women
People can be infected with syphilis and not know it. In light of the often deadly effects syphilis can have on unborn children, health officials recommend that all pregnant women be screened for the disease.

14/03/2026

Antifungal Drugs
Antibiotics
A.Polyenes:
Amphotericin B,
Nystatin,
Hamycin,
Natamycin (Pimaricin)
B.Heterocyclic benzofuran:
Griseofulvin
Antimetabolite
Flucytosine (5-FC)
Azoles
A.Imidazoles
Topical:

Clotrimazole,
Econazole,
Miconazole,
Oxiconazole
Systemic:

Ketoconazole

B.Triazoles
(Systemic):

Fluconazole,
Itraconazole,
Voriconazole
Allylamine
Terbinafine
Other topical agents
Tolnaftate,
Undecylenic acid,
Benzoic acid,
Quiniodochlor,
Ciclopirox olamine,
Butenafine, Sod.
thiosulfate.

14/03/2026

DEFINITION
Chlamydia (kluh-MID-ee-uh) is a common s*xually transmitted infection (STI). You may not know you have chlamydia because many people never develop the signs or symptoms, such as ge***al pain and discharge from the va**na or p***s.

Chlamydia affects both men and women and occurs in all age groups, though it's most prevalent among young women. Chlamydia isn't difficult to treat once you know you have it. If left untreated, however, chlamydia can lead to more-serious health problems.

SYMPTOMS
Early-stage chlamydia infections often cause few or no signs and symptoms. When signs or symptoms occur, they usually start one to three weeks after exposure to chlamydia. Even when signs and symptoms occur, they're often mild and passing, making them easy to overlook.

Signs and symptoms of chlamydia infection may include:

Painful urination
Lower abdominal pain
Vaginal discharge in women
Discharge from the p***s in men
Painful s*xual in*******se in women
Bleeding between periods and after s*x in women
Testicular pain in men
When to see a doctor
See your doctor if you have a discharge from your va**na or p***s or if you have pain during urination. Also, see your doctor if your s*xual partner reveals that he or she has chlamydia. You should take an antibiotic even if you have no symptoms.

CAUSES
Chlamydia is caused by bacteria and is most commonly spread through va**nal, oral and a**l s*x. It's also possible for a mother to spread chlamydia to her child during delivery, causing pneumonia or a serious eye infection in her newborn.

RISK FACTORS
Factors that increase your risk of chlamydia include:

Age under 24
Multiple s*x partners within the past year
Not using a condom consistently
History of prior s*xually transmitted infection
COMPLICATIONS
Chlamydia can be associated with:

Other s*xually transmitted infections. People who have chlamydia are at higher risk of also having other STIs — including gonorrhea and HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID is an infection of the uterus and fallopian tubes that causes pelvic pain and fever. Severe infections may require hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics. PID can damage the fallopian tubes, ovaries and uterus, including the cervix.
Infection near the testicles (epididymitis). A chlamydia infection can inflame the coiled tube located beside each testicle (epididymis). The infection may result in fever, scrotal pain and swelling.
Prostate gland infection. The chlamydia organism can spread to a man's prostate gland. Prostatitis may result in pain during or after s*x, fever and chills, painful urination, and lower back pain.
Infections in newborns. The chlamydia infection can pass from the va**nal ca**l to your child during delivery, causing pneumonia or a serious eye infection.
Infertility. Chlamydia infections — even those that produce no signs or symptoms — can cause scarring and obstruction in the fallopian tubes, which may make women infertile.
Reactive arthritis. People who have chlamydia are at higher risk of developing reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter's syndrome. This condition typically affects the joints, eyes and urethra — the tube that carries urine from your bladder to outside of your body.
PREPARING FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT
If you think you have a s*xually transmitted infection, such as chlamydia, make an appointment to see your family doctor.

What you can do
Before your appointment, prepare to answer the following questions:

When did your symptoms begin?
Does anything make them better or worse?
What medications and supplements do you take regularly?
You also might want to prepare a list of questions to ask your doctor. Sample questions include:

Should I be tested for other s*xually transmitted infections?
Should my partner be tested or treated for chlamydia infection?
Should I abstain from s*xual activity during treatment? How long should I wait?
How can I prevent chlamydia infection in the future?
What to expect from your doctor
Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions, such as:

Do you have a new s*xual partner or multiple partners?
Do you use condoms consistently?
Do you have pelvic pain?
Do you have pain while urinating?
Do you have sores or unusual discharge?
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS
Because of the chance of other health problems if you contract chlamydia, ask your doctor how often you should have chlamydia screening tests if you're at risk. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends chlamydia screening for:

Sexually active women age 25 or younger. The rate of chlamydia infection is highest in this group, so a yearly screening test is recommended. Even if you've been tested in the past year, get tested when you have a new s*x partner.
Pregnant women. You should be tested for chlamydia during your first prenatal exam. If you have a high risk of infection — from changing s*x partners or from your regular partner's possible infection — get tested again later in your pregnancy.
Women and men at high risk. Consider frequent chlamydia screening if you have multiple s*x partners, if you don't always use a condom during s*x or if you're a man who has s*x with men. Other markers of high risk are current infection with another s*xually transmitted infection and possible exposure to an STI through an infected partner.
Screening and diagnosis of chlamydia is relatively simple. Tests include:

A swab. For women, your doctor takes a swab of the discharge from your cervix for culture or antigen testing for chlamydia. This can be done during a routine Pap test. Some women prefer to swab their va**nas themselves, which has been shown to be as diagnostic as doctor-obtained swabs.

For men, your doctor inserts a slim swab into the end of your p***s to get a sample from the urethra. In some cases, your doctor may swab the a**s.

A urine test. A sample of your urine a**lyzed in the laboratory may indicate the presence of this infection.
If you've been treated for an initial chlamydia infection, you should be retested in about three months.

TREATMENTS AND DRUGS
Chlamydia is treated with antibiotics. You may receive a one-time dose, or you may need to take the medication daily or multiple times a day for five to 10 days.

In most cases, the infection resolves within one to two weeks. During that time, you should abstain from s*x. Your s*xual partner or partners also need treatment even if they have no signs or symptoms. Otherwise, the infection can be passed back and forth between s*xual partners.

Having chlamydia or having been treated for it in the past provides no immunity against reinfection in the future.

LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES
The surest way to prevent a chlamydia infection is to abstain from s*xual activities. Short of that, you can:

Use condoms. Use a male latex condom or a female polyurethane condom during each s*xual contact. Condoms used properly during every s*xual encounter reduce but don't eliminate the risk of infection.
Limit your number of s*x partners. Having multiple s*x partners puts you at a high risk of contracting chlamydia and other s*xually transmitted infections.
Get regular screenings. If you're s*xually active, particularly if you have multiple partners, talk with your doctor about how often you should be screened for chlamydia and other s*xually transmitted infections.
Avoid douching. Women shouldn't do**he because it decreases the number of good bacteria present in the va**na, which may increase the risk of infection.