05/09/2021
HIV Self-Test
HIV self-testing can help people to carry out an HIV test at home and find out whether they have an infection or not. It can allow people to get HIV results at home and they do not need to visit a healthcare center or laboratory because many people are hesitant in doing this. It can also increase awareness among people about HIV infection and increases safety against the infection. According to CDC, health departments should reach the people and increase the prevalence of HIV self-testing, especially for the people who are at increased risk of infection.
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Presently about 75% of people suffering from HIV infection know their status, while the remaining 25% are not aware of their life-threatening disease. Many countries are trying to increase the access and frequency of HIV testing especially for those people who have decreased access to healthcare facilities and in those populations where HIV prevalence is higher. One option to increase HIV testing is by self-testing in which a person can perform the test and get results on their own by putting his oral fluid or blood on the testing kit. [ Stevens, D. R., Vrana, C. J., Dlin, R. E., & Korte, J. E. (2018). A Global Review of HIV Self-testing: Themes and Implications. AIDS and behavior, 22(2), 497–512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1707-8 ]
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Types of HIV Self-Test:
HIV self-testing is of two types, which include the following:
Rapid Self-Test:
A rapid self-test kit is available at different pharmacies and online stores. This kit can determine your HIV results at home within minutes. In most countries, the only kit available for home testing is the oral fluid test.
Mail-In Self-Test:
In this type of self-testing, the sample is sent to the lab after collection and the results are provided by the laboratory. It includes a collection of dried blood from fingerstick at home and a collection kit is sent to the laboratory or healthcare center. Your health care worker can also order a mail-in self-test for you. [ HIV Self-Testing | Testing | HIV Basics | HIV/AIDS | CDC. Cdc.gov. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/hiv-self-tests.html. ]
Benefits of Home Testing:
The home test is an accurate testing method and can detect HIV infection early in the course of infection. However, it takes longer to detect the virus via home testing as compared to the tests performed at the healthcare center. It is due to the fact that antibody levels in the saliva are much lower than in the blood.
HIV is easy to treat if detected early, and treatment is started accordingly. Early diagnosis is essential for increasing the cure rate for HIV and making the long treatment effective. Home tests play a significant role in increasing the efficacy of treatment due to promptness and ease in the accurate diagnosis of the infection. [ Jamil, M., Eshun-Wilson, I., Witzel, T., Siegfried, N., Figueroa, C., & Chitembo, L. et al. (2021). Examining the effects of HIV self-testing compared to standard HIV testing services in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eclinicalmedicine, 38, 100991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100991 ]
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