18/06/2025
Obesity on the Rise Among People with IBD – UK Study Highlights Its Impact on Crohn’s Disease Progression
Obesity is becoming increasingly common among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), prompting UK researchers to investigate how excess weight may affect the progression of these conditions.
In response to this growing concern, a team of gastroenterologists from University College London Hospitals (UCLH) has carried out a population-based retrospective study focusing on individuals newly diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD). The findings were published in the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology in 2024.
Dr Amanda M. Johnson, consultant gastroenterologist at UCLH and lead author of the study, explains:
“Emerging data suggest that obesity — particularly increased visceral fat — may worsen IBD-related outcomes. This includes a greater risk of developing penetrating or fibrotic disease, reduced responsiveness to biologic therapies, and a higher chance of Crohn’s recurrence after surgery. However, the full extent of these impacts remains under investigation.”
The study aimed to determine how common obesity is at the time of Crohn’s diagnosis, and how it may influence disease characteristics and outcomes such as corticosteroid use, hospital admissions, intestinal surgery, and the development of fistulas or penetrating disease.
Study Overview
The researchers reviewed records from patients in the Cambridge region diagnosed with Crohn’s disease between 1970 and 2010. They included only those who had a body mass index (BMI) measurement within six months of diagnosis.
They assessed the proportion of patients who were overweight or obese at diagnosis and tracked how these trends evolved over time. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the team examined Crohn’s-related complications, including hospitalisation, corticosteroid use, and surgical interventions.
Key Findings
Among 334 individuals diagnosed with Crohn’s disease, 156 (46.7%) were classified as overweight (27.8%) or obese (18.9%) at the time of diagnosis.
Notably, patients who were overweight or obese were diagnosed at a later age — averaging 42.3 and 44.3 years, respectively — compared to those with normal weight (35.8 years) or underweight (31.6 years).
While the research was centred in Cambridge, the findings have wider implications for clinical care across the NHS. The rising prevalence of obesity in IBD patients may affect treatment decisions, response to biologics, and timing of surgical referrals.
Further UK-based, multi-centre research is likely needed to inform care pathways — especially for IBD patients with higher BMI, where long-term outcomes and personalised treatment planning remain areas of clinical focus.