13/10/2024
Does Ma*****na Smoking Increase the Odds of Surgical Site Infection After Orthopaedic Surgery? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Ruckle, David MDa; Chang, Alexander MDb; Jesurajan, Jose MDa; Carlson, Bradley MDa; Gulbrandsen, Matthew MDa; Rice, R. Casey MDa; Wongworawat, M. Daniel MDa
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
Does ma*****na smoking increase the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) after open reduction and internal fixation of fractures?
METHODS:
Design:
Retrospective.
Setting:
Single academic level 1 trauma center in Southern California.
Patient Selection Criteria:
Adult patients who underwent open treatment for closed fractures between January 2009 and December 2021, had hardware placed, and had at least 6 months of postoperative follow-up.
Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Risk factors associated with the development of SSI were compared between current inhalational ma*****na users and nonma*****na users.
RESULTS:
Complete data were available on 4802 patients after exclusion of 82 who did not have a complete variable set. At the time of surgery, 24% (1133 patients) were current users of ma*****na. At the final follow-up (minimum 6 months), there was a 1.6% infection rate (75 patients). The average age of the infection-free group was 46.1 ± 23.1 years, and the average age of the SSI group was 47.0 ± 20.3 (P = 0.73) years. In total, 2703 patients (57%) in the infection-free group were male compared with 48 (64%) in the SSI group (P = 0.49). On multivariate analysis, longer operative times (OR 1.002 [95% CI, 1.001–1.004]), diabetic status (OR 2.084 [95% CI, 1.225–3.547]), and current to***co use (OR 2.493 [95% CI, 1.514–4.106]) (P < 0.01 for all) were associated with an increased risk of SSI; however, current ma*****na use was not (OR 0.678 [95% CI, 0.228–2.013], P = 0.48).
CONCLUSIONS:
To***co use, diabetes, and longer operative times were associated with the development of SSI after open reduction and internal fixation of fractures; however, ma*****na smoking was not shown to be associated with the development of SSI.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence