03/07/2024
OVERVIEW OF DIGOXIN TOXICITY
👉Acute digitalis toxicity can result from unintentional, suicidal, or homicidal overdose of the digitalis preparation digoxin, or accidental ingestion of plants that contain cardiac glycosides.
👉Chronic toxicity in patients on digoxin therapy may result from deteriorating renal function, dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, or drug interactions.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
👉Digitalis toxicity produces CNS, visual, GI, and cardiac manifestations. Nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness are among the most common extracardiac manifestations.
ELECTROLYTE
👉In acute toxicity, hyperkalemia is common
👉Chronic toxicity is often accompanied by hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
👉Digoxin toxicity may cause almost any dysrhythmia
👉Classically, dysrhythmias associated with increased automaticity and decreased AV conduction occur.
👉Sinus bradycardia and AV conduction blocks are the most common ECG changes in the pediatric population, while ventricular ectopy is more common in adults.
👉Nonparoxysmal atrial tachycardia with heart block and bidirectional ventricular tachycardia are particularly characteristic of severe digitalis toxicity.
MANAGEMENT
👉The best way to guide therapy is to follow the digoxin level and correlate it with serum potassium concentrations and the patient's clinical and ECG findings.
General supportive care and overall management considerations of digitalis toxicity includes the following:
👉Hydration with IV fluids
👉Oxygenation and support of ventilatory function
👉Discontinuation of the drug, and, sometimes, the correction of electrolyte imbalances
👉GI decontamination.
👉Treatment of electrolyte imbalance
👉Digoxin immune Fab
👉Management of dysrhythmias
Reference on comment site