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20/11/2021

COVID-19: Advice, updates and vaccine options

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Arthritis

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Overview

Osteoarthritis vs. rheumatoid arthritisOpen pop-up dialog box

Arthritis is the swelling and tenderness of one or more joints. The main symptoms of arthritis are joint pain and stiffness, which typically worsen with age. The most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Osteoarthritis causes cartilage — the hard, slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones where they form a joint — to break down. Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which the immune system attacks the joints, beginning with the lining of joints.

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Uric acid crystals, which form when there's too much uric acid in your blood, can cause gout. Infections or underlying disease, such as psoriasis or lupus, can cause other types of arthritis.

Treatments vary depending on the type of arthritis. The main goals of arthritis treatments are to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

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Book: Mayo Clinic on Arthritis

Types

Ankylosing spondylitis

Gout

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Osteoarthritis

Psoriatic arthritis

Reactive arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Septic arthritis

Thumb arthritis

Symptoms

The most common signs and symptoms of arthritis involve the joints. Depending on the type of arthritis, signs and symptoms may include:

Pain

Stiffness

Swelling

Redness

Decreased range of motion

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Causes

The two main types of arthritis — osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis — damage joints in different ways.

Osteoarthritis

The most common type of arthritis, osteoarthritis in

20/11/2021

What is arthritis?



The term arthritis includes hundreds of different diseases that usually cause pain in joints, ligaments, tendons, bones or other parts of the musculoskeletal system.

Inflammation can be a symptom of arthritis, but not all forms of this disease are characterized. Inflammation is caused by a natural reaction of the human body when tissue is irritated or infected. The affected area of ?? the body will be marked by swelling, pain and redness. We are talking about a type of inflammatory arthritis.

According to Statistics Canada, one in six Canadians aged 12 and older is affected by one form of arthritis. Trauma, an infection and natural wear can be causes of arthritis. However, sometimes no cause explains the symptoms felt by the person.

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20/11/2021

20/11/2021

Bowel cancer:

About bowel cancer

Bowel cancer is a general term for cancer that begins in the large bowel. Depending on where the cancer starts, bowel cancer is sometimes called colon or re**al cancer.

Cancer can sometimes start in the small bowel (small intestine), but small bowel cancer is much rarer than large bowel cancer.

Bowel cancer is one of the most common types of cancer diagnosed in the UK, with around 40,000 new cases diagnosed every year.

About 1 in every 20 people in the UK will develop bowel cancer in their lifetime.

Signs and symptoms

The three main symptoms of bowel cancer are blood in the stools (faeces), changes in bowel habit – such as more frequent, looser stools – and abdominal (tummy) pain.

However, these symptoms are very common and most people with them do not have bowel cancer. For example, blood in the stools is more often caused by haemorrhoids (piles), and a change in bowel habit or abdominal pain is usually the result of something you have eaten.

As almost 9 out of 10 people with bowel cancer are over the age of 60, these symptoms are more important as people get older. They are also more significant when they persist despite simple treatments.

Most people who are eventually diagnosed with bowel cancer have one of the following combinations of symptoms:

a persistent change in bowel habit that causes them to go to the toilet more often and pass looser stools, usually together with blood on or in their stools

a persistent change in bowel habit without blood in their stools, but with abdominal pain

blood in the stools without other haemorrhoid symptoms, such as soreness, discomfort, pain, itching or a lump hanging down outside the back passage

abdominal pain, discomfort or bloating always provoked by eating, sometimes resulting in a reduction in the amount of food eaten and weight loss

The symptoms of bowel cancer can be subtle and don't necessarily make you feel ill.

When to seek medical advice

Read about the symptoms of

20/11/2021

Signs & symptoms of pregnancy

Introduction

Menstrual secretion (flow) takes place in a healthy woman every month, but it is stopped after conceiving. The woman has normal symptoms like- malfunctioning of the heart, vomiting, frequent urination, mild pain in the breasts, etc. the suffered woman goes to gynecologist (lady doctor) for the treatment of these symptoms. Doctor diagnoses her stomach and va**na and check the height of her uterus. The outer section of the uterus is softened after conceiving. After observing these symptoms, the doctor says that she is pregnant. Sometimes, the doctor also advice to that woman to get blood or urine test for proving it.

Blood and urine tests-

H.C.G is found in the blood and urine of a pregnant that is made by carrion that makes oval (placenta). One end of this oval is connected with uterus wall and other end is connected with the navel of the baby. H.C.G. is produced in the blood and urine just after appearing this oval inside the body. Due to it, menstrual flow is stopped from the next month.

H.C.G. is tested (diagnosed) by blood or urine sample. Normally, doctors recommend urine tests. Test should be done after two weeks of beginning of me**es for better result. If it is done before two weeks, result can be negative or positive. It is called weekly positive.

Few women start taking medicines in absence of menstruations that is harmful of them. Therefore, as soon as you become pregnant, you should start caring yourself like- diet and life style.

After conceiving, a woman should not take any type of medicine without asking from her doctor. it can be harmful for mother and unborn baby. If a woman is suffering from diabetes, it should be treated before conceiving. She consult a doctor too if she has complaints like- epilepsy (fit), breathing troubles or T.B.

It is also necessary that good thoughts and works should have in pregnancy period so that positive affects can fall on unborn baby-

Weight and

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Symptoms of Addison’s disease

Addison's disease can be difficult to detect at first, because early symptoms are similar to symptoms of many other health conditions.

Initial symptoms of Addison's disease can include:

fatigue (lack of energy or motivation)

lethargy (abnormal drowsiness or tiredness)

muscle weakness

low mood (mild depression) or irritability

loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss

the need to urinate frequently

increased thirst

craving for salty foods

Dehydration can also be an early sign of Addison’s disease. It's caused by lack of the hormone aldosterone in your body, which is used to regulate the balance of salt and water.

Later symptoms

Further symptoms of Addison’s disease tend to develop gradually over months or years. However, additional strees, caused by another illness or an accident, for example, may cause your symptoms to suddenly get worse.

You may go on to develop:

low blood pressure when you stand up, which can cause dizziness and fainting

feeling sick (nausea)

vomiting

diarrhoea

abdominal, joint or back pain

muscle cramps

chronic exhaustion, which may cause depression

brownish discolouration of the skin, lips and gums (hyperpigmentation), particularly in the creases on your palms, on scars or on pressure points, such as your knuckles or knees

a reduced libido (lack of interest in s*x), particularly in women

Some women may also have irregular periods or miss some periods completely. Children with Addison's disease may experience puberty later than usual.

Some people with Addison's disease also develop low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia). This can cause symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, confusion, anxiety and even unconsciousness (particularly in children).

If you're experiencing symptoms of Addison's disease, see your GP so they can diagnose or rule out the condition. These symptoms will usually improve with appropriate treatment.

Read more about diagnosing Addison's disease and treating Addison's

29/10/2021

Body weight in pregnancy

Introduction

Body weight of a woman in pregnancy depends on her living style and diet. Sometimes, body weight of a woman varies in her different pregnancy. So there is no any rule for weight in pregnancy period. In early, the people believe that increasing body weight about 10 kg in pregnancy is good while now a day, increasing body weight about 12 kg is considered as good sign.

If the body weight of a woman has less before conceiving and increased in pregnancy period, it is good, but if a woman has over weight before conceiving and increased more in pregnancy, it is harmful for her. Therefore, she should check her body weight periodically. Few women take less (insufficient) meals in her pregnancy for losing body weight that is very harmful for her. She should take meals according to her body weight. She should remain careful about her diet in pregnancy period, because a baby is also nourishing with what she eats. Therefore, taking balanced diet timely during pregnancy is most necessary for both the mother and unborn baby inside her body.

After conceiving, the body weight of women increases about 12-13 kg. In case of twins, the weight can be increased up to 18 kg. The weight of baby inside uterus is about 3 kg to 3.25 kg (3 ¼ kg). the average weight of Indian baby is about 2 kg 750 g and remaining weight of female body consists breasts heaviness, weight of accumulated fat, enlargement of uterus size, ovule weight, the weight of amniotic fluid, additional blood inside her body and accumulation of fluid, etc. the weight of all these is about 5 kg. The weight of amniotic fluid presents around foetus is about 1 kg. The uterus is also about 1 kg after increasing its size. Other changes keep on taking place in her body like- the weight of her breasts increases up to 1 kg and other weight is of the fat gathered in her body like- on her hips and thighs.

Weight chart of a pregnant body-

Weight

In kilogram

Weight of

29/10/2021

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