𝑴𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒄 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉 & 𝑺𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒕𝒚 𝑩𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒕𝒆

02/02/2026

How stigma in the healthcare system is undermining efforts to reduce obesity

Research shows healthcare providers may offer weight loss advice in place of medical treatment.

02/02/2026

Twells says most patients who undergo bariatric surgery have struggled for years to lose weight and keep it off.

02/02/2026

Behavioural and psychological interventions for obesity management
Behavioural and psychological interventions focus on sustainable lifestyle changes that improve overall health, function, and quality of life—not just weight loss. The most effective approaches often include:
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): Helps address emotional eating, self-stigma, and behaviours that impact health.
Medical Nutrition Therapy: A personalized approach to nutrition that prioritizes sustainable eating patterns over restrictive dieting.
Physical Activity: Regular movement supports metabolic health, reduces stress, and improves energy levels—regardless of weight changes.
Behavioural and psychological support can make a big difference—especially when combined with medication. These approaches help you stay on track with your treatment plan, making it easier to follow nutrition guidance and build physical activity into your routine in a way that works for you.
Work with a healthcare provider to find strategies that align with your needs and goals.

02/02/2026

Fat Storage and Breakdown
The fats in the foods that the body absorbs are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol during digestion, which then enter the bloodstream and are transported throughout the body. Excess fatty acids are synthesized into triglycerides in the liver and fat cells, where they are stored. When we consume too many calories, the body stores this excess fat as fat tissue to be used during times of increased energy demand.
Storage: When food is consumed, fats are digested in the intestine, and fatty acids and glycerol enter the bloodstream. They are then transported via the bloodstream to the fat tissue, where they are converted into triglycerides and stored in fat cells. This process is regulated by hormones such as insulin, which instructs fat cells to combine fatty acids and glycerol into triglycerides and store them.
Catabolism: Fat stores are mobilized when the body needs energy (e.g., during exercise or hunger). Hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline activate lipolytic enzymes in fat cells, which begin breaking down stored triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.
Release and Transport of Fatty Acids
The broken-down fatty acids are transported through the bloodstream to the liver, muscles, and other tissues that use fatty acids as an energy source. Fatty acids are transported via fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) and plasma proteins like albumin to where they are needed for energy production.
Muscles: During exercise, muscle cells have a high energy demand, especially during aerobic training, and fat becomes an important energy source. Fatty acids enter muscle cells and are broken down in the mitochondria through the process of beta-oxidation, releasing carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (cellular energy).
Liver: Fatty acids also enter the liver, where they are converted by liver cells into ketone bodies through fatty acid oxidation. These ketone bodies serve as an energy source for the brain and other tissues, particularly during prolonged periods of hunger or on low-carbohydrate diets like the ketogenic diet.
β-Oxidation (Fatty Acid Oxidation Process)
In the cells, fatty acids enter the mitochondria, where they undergo β-oxidation, the main catabolic process of fatty acids. In each oxidation cycle, two carbon atoms are removed, resulting in the formation of Acetyl-Coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA). These Acetyl-CoA molecules enter the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) and eventually go through the electron transport chain to produce ATP. This process is the central step in providing energy from fats.
Production and Utilization of Ketone Bodies
When the body experiences prolonged hunger or a low carbohydrate intake, the liver converts fatty acids into ketone bodies. Ketone bodies (including acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone) are an extremely efficient energy source, particularly for the brain. Normally, the brain relies on glucose as its primary energy source, but during times of hunger, it uses ketone bodies as an alternative fuel.
Regulation of Fat Metabolism
Fat metabolism is regulated by a variety of hormones and enzymes. Here are some of the key regulators:
Insulin: Insulin is the primary storage hormone of fat metabolism. When blood sugar levels are high, insulin secretion increases, promoting fat storage. Insulin inhibits lipolysis and helps store energy as fat.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine: These hormones are released in response to stress, exercise, or hunger and promote the breakdown of fat and the release of fatty acids into the bloodstream.
Growth Hormone: This hormone is important for growth during childhood, but it also helps in fat breakdown and promotes the release of fatty acids.
Testosterone and Estrogen: These s*x hormones also affect fat distribution and metabolism. Testosterone helps in fat breakdown, while estrogen may promote fat storage in specific areas like the thighs and buttocks.

02/02/2026

02/02/2026

In the nucleus of an organized cell, the genetic information of each peptide chain of collagen molecules is transcribed by messenger RNA (mRNA) into ribosomes, where more than 1,000 amino acid residues of the peptide chain are synthesized. The peptide chain then moves into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for hydroxylation and glycosylation modifications.
(1) Hydroxylation Modification: In the endoplasmic reticulum, the peptide chain is generated from proline and lysine residues through the catalysis of prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase. The hydroxylation process plays an important role in the stability of the triple helix. Peptide chains with insufficient hydroxylation cannot form a stable triple helix at body temperature and, therefore, cannot be secreted outside the cell.
(2) Glycosylation Modification: In the endoplasmic reticulum, the peptide chain is catalyzed by galactosyltransferase and glucosyltransferase to attach sugar groups to the 5-hydroxylysine residues, which is beneficial for the directional arrangement of the fibers. After hydroxylation and glycosylation modifications, the soluble collagen protein can form procollagen before being secreted outside the cell.

02/02/2026

This is a woman in her fifties who has been struggling with multiple health issues related to obesity. Due to her excess weight, Jane suffers from joint pain, shortness of breath, and elevated blood sugar levels, making daily activities increasingly difficult. She often feels burdened by her body and lacks the motivation to exercise regularly. Jane hopes to improve these symptoms and regain her health and quality of life through lifestyle changes and a scientific weight loss plan. We will work together to develop a personalized weight loss plan to help her achieve these goals and regain her vitality and confidence.
I have come across many patients with obesity and have become increasingly aware of the complex factors and health risks associated with this condition. Many patients, like Jane, experience joint pain, metabolic issues, and psychological stress, which combine to make addressing the root causes of obesity even more difficult. In my work with these patients, I've come to realize that traditional weight loss methods may not fully address all symptoms and underlying issues. This led me to explore whether a product that combines modern medicine and biotechnology could help people lose weight more effectively while also addressing obesity-related health issues. This idea led me to explore and research innovative weight loss programs, aiming to provide patients with scientifically sound and safe treatment options that would improve their overall health and quality of life.