12/02/2026
Valentine’s Day: History, traditions & superstitions our ancestors might have known ❤️📜
Valentine’s Day didn’t start with cards and chocolates and it certainly wasn’t always straightforward. There are very few reliable facts about Saint Valentine. What we can say with confidence is that he was a Christian martyr, executed around AD 270, probably on the 14th of February.
Some modern scholars have suggested links between Valentine’s Day and the Roman fertility festival Lupercalia and by the time that cult was suppressed in the late 5th century, Saint Valentine’s feast was already well established.
💌 Love enters the story in the Middle Ages
By the 14th century, the association with romance was clear. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote of birds choosing their mates on St Valentine’s Day. Despite the Protestant Reformation removing Saint Valentine from the Church of England’s calendar, the romantic tradition survived. In 1668, James, Duke of York gifted his mistress a jewel worth £800 as a Valentine.
📜 Cards, gifts & customs
Written Valentine messages appear from the mid-18th century. By the 19th century, printed cards exploded in popularity with over 1.5 million posted in 1880 alone!
Regional also traditions flourished:
• Lancashire youths drew names to pair off with a Valentines
• Norwich doorsteps were filled with anonymous gifts marked “A Good-morrow to you Valentine”
• In Peterborough, baked Valentine plum buns were shared
• Rutland made Plum Shuttles (still made today)
• Uppingham gifted gingerbread
• In the Midlands and more widely across England, lovers exchanged gloves, a Saxon-rooted tradition and a token of affection and authority
🪵 Beyond England
In Wales, love was celebrated on the 25th January, Santes Dwynwen’s Day. On this day, carved wooden love spoons were gifted, a tradition dating back to the 17th century.
🕊️ Superstitions of love
It was said that on Valentine’s Day, the first bird a single woman saw predicted her future husband:
• Robin = a sailor
• Sparrow = a poor (but happy) man
• Goldfinch = a wealthy one
📌 Valentine’s Day has always been about hope, ritual, and meaning, even when love was uncertain. If you’d like help uncovering how romance, courtship, or marriage played out in your own family history, I offer research and contextual support. Just get in touch.