22/08/2023
I’ve heard numerous accounts of young women being offered oral or injection contraception as the solution, for many situations other than contraception; menstrual pain, irregular menstruation, acne & mood changes in fact a celebrity Dr recently said “You do not need a period, for anything other than fertility!” Well, this statement could not be further from the truth when it comes to bone health.
Bones need to grow to the optimal size, shape & strength. During childhood & into teen years, bone grows to reach “peak” density & strength, called peak bone mass. At this point bones are the densest and strongest we will ever achieve. For women, peak total hip and femoral neck BMDs accrue during ages 16–19.
Many variables are associated with higher peak BMD incl genetics, age at first period, more physical activity / less sedentary time, higher calcium/vitamin D3 intake. Why is the age of the first period important? The production of oestrogen & progesterone that follow menarche together with growth hormone, & insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) interact to modulate the changes in bone size, geometry, mineral content, & microarchitecture.
In the UK, nearly a quarter of women 16–49 are regular oral contraception pill users, evidenced in the 2021 paper in Frontiers Endocrinology “Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and intramuscular depo medroxyprogesterone
(DMPA) can compromise the expected gains in adolescence by altering oestrogen and IGF concentrations”.
The action of synthetic oestrogen-progestogen combined oral contraception acts by inhibiting ovulation. Depo Provera is a long acting contraceptive hormone injection, that releases a synthetic progestogen (this is NOT progesterone) slowly into the body, suppressing oestrogen & preventing the ovaries releasing an egg, thereby stopping the natural release of progesterone.
Both natural oestrogen & progesterone are required for bone health, through stimulating the bone-building cells called osteoblasts. The synthetic forms do not replace natural production. In fact Pfizer (producers of Depo-Provera) are involved in a $2.2 million class action lawsuit settlement for women that took their drug and suffered declines in bone density.
Again, of course, contraception is every young woman's right of choice but so is informed consent!
My colleagues are equally as passionate on this topic as I, and this is fully on the agenda to discuss at our Hormone Whispers event on 3rd Sept. Come along and get fully informed - we have 8 tickets left!