14/11/2023
What we eat, as well as when we eat, can have a profound effect on our daily circadian rhythms. Often termed “Chrono-nutrition” there is a link between the diet and our internal clock system.
Our daily circadian rhythms are governed by our master clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). These rhythms influence various processes, including detoxification, metabolism, insulin secretion, fatty acid uptake and melatonin and cortisol secretion.
Zeitgebers, or environmental cues affect our circadian rhythms and this includes our light/dark cycle as well as eating patterns. Altered sleep patterns, artificial light, chronic stress, and shift work can all negatively affect our rhythms.
Dietary factors can be a useful tool to rebalance our circadian rhythm when it shifts. Certain foods are known to either support or disrupt the circadian rhythm. Caffeine and alcohol for example affect peripheral clock systems. A study of adolescents with overweight or obesity found that those with a high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages had a 22% higher cortisol-awakening response (CAR) compared to those with a low intake.
Polyphenols also appear to influence peripheral clock gene expression – animal studies on grape seed extract, resveratrol (found in many berries) and cacao procyanidins appear to affect different clock genes- so increasing their intake may be a useful strategy.
Our gut microbiota can play a role. Based on diet composition, specific microbes create metabolites that influence clock gene expression in the liver. So a diverse microbiome by eating plenty of fibre rich foods and fermented foods could be helpful.
Food timing may also influence our circadian rhythm and in particular time restricted eating. So whether you struggle with disrupted sleep patterns or jet lag it is worth considering the effect of diet.