31/08/2025
š§ Understanding Dementia: Behaviors as Communication
When someone is living with dementia, words often become harder to find. Instead, behaviors become their voice. Every actionāwhether itās pacing, calling out, refusing care, or repeating questionsācan carry meaning. For caregivers, learning to ālistenā beyond words is essential for providing comfort, dignity, and connection.
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Why People Express Needs Through Behaviors?
People with dementia may show emotions and needs through actions rather than speech due to:
⢠Changes in the brain ā Dementia affects memory, language, and judgment, making verbal expression difficult.
⢠Unmet physical needs ā Hunger, thirst, fatigue, pain, or needing the toilet can trigger restlessness or agitation.
⢠Emotional factors ā Fear, loneliness, confusion, or a need for security often show up as repeated questions, pacing, or seeking attention.
⢠Environmental stressors ā Too much noise, clutter, or sudden changes can overwhelm someoneās senses.
In short, behavior is communicationāitās how they ātellā us something is wrong or needed.
Common behaviors and possible meanings:
⢠Pacing/āwanderingā: Need to move, toilet, relieve pain; searching for someone/something familiar; past roles (e.g., āgoing to workā).
⢠Agitation or striking out: Pain, fear, feeling rushed or cornered; confusing instructions; sensory overload.
⢠Refusal of care: Preserving autonomy; embarrassment; too cold/hot; not understanding the step; male/female caregiver preference.
⢠Repetition/calling out: Anxiety, loneliness, boredom, reassurance-seeking; untreated hearing/vision problems.
⢠Disrobing: Too warm/itchy clothing; needing the toilet; skin irritation.
Interpreting behavior is not guessing emotionsāitās assessing needs.
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How Caregivers Can Support People Living with dementia
1. Pause & Observe Before Reacting
Take a deep breath and stay calm. Look closely at what triggered the behaviorāare they tired, hungry, or in pain?
2. Look for Unmet Needs
Use a quick checklist:
⢠Are they in pain, thirsty, hungry, or uncomfortable?
⢠Do they need the toilet or rest?
⢠Are they cold, hot, or overstimulated?
3. Validate Their Feelings
Instead of correcting them, acknowledge their emotions:
āI can see youāre upset. Iām here to help.ā
This creates safety and trust.
4. Adjust the Environment
⢠Reduce noise and clutter
⢠Ensure proper lighting
⢠Keep routines predictable and simple
5. Use Gentle Communication
⢠Speak slowly, calmly, and with short, simple sentences
⢠Use eye contact, touch (if welcomed), and reassuring tone
⢠Offer choices: āWould you like tea or water?ā
6. Engage Them in Meaningful Activities
Sometimes agitation comes from boredom or frustration. Familiar music, looking at old photos, walking in the garden, or folding towels can provide comfort.
7. Seek Medical Guidance When Needed
If behaviors change suddenly, consult a healthcare provider. Pain, infections, or medication side effects may be the cause.
Quick āDo / Donātā guide
Do:
⢠Approach calmly; introduce yourself each time.
⢠Validate feelings; offer one-step instructions and simple choices.
⢠Adjust routine and environment.
⢠Keep glasses/hearing aids working; check for pain and constipation.
⢠Involve them in familiar, purposeful activity.
Donāt:
⢠Argue, quiz, or correct reality (āNo, your mother died years agoā).
⢠Rush care tasks or crowd the person.
⢠Use physical restraint unless there is immediate, unavoidable danger.
⢠Ignore sudden behavioral changesāseek medical advice promptly.
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Key Takeaway
Every behavior tells a story. By slowing down, observing, and responding with empathy, caregivers can reduce stress, prevent escalation, and build connection. Your calm presence, patience, and understanding are powerful tools in supporting someone living with dementia. ā¤ļø