10/04/2025
ATTENTION!!
Betel nut chewing is a significant contributing factor to the high rates of oral cancer in Papua New Guinea!
The Link between Betel Nut and Oral Cancer:
Arecoline:
Betel nut contains arecoline, a psychoactive alkaloid. Scientific studies have classified arecoline as carcinogenic (cancer-causing) to humans.
Slaked Lime (Kambang):
Often chewed with betel nut, slaked lime is highly alkaline and causes chemical burns and irritation in the mouth. This chronic irritation can lead to precancerous lesions and eventually cancer.
To***co:
Many people chew betel nut with to***co (buai simuk). To***co is a well-established carcinogen and significantly increases the risk of oral cancer when combined with betel nut and lime.
Mechanical Irritation:
The fibrous nature of the betel nut can cause chronic mechanical irritation to the lining of the mouth, contributing to the development of cancer.
Nitrosamines:
The combination of betel nut, lime, and saliva can lead to the formation of nitrosamines, which are also known carcinogens.
Impact of Oral Cancer in PNG:
High Incidence:
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in Papua New Guinea, with rates being among the highest in the world.
Late Detection:
Often, oral cancer is detected at late stages, making treatment more difficult and less successful. This is due to a lack of awareness of early signs and symptoms and limited access to early detection services.
Significant Morbidity and Mortality:
Oral cancer can lead to disfigurement, difficulty eating and speaking, and ultimately, death.
Key Messages for You:
Betel nut chewing increases your risk of mouth cancer significantly.
The combination of betel nut, lime (kambang), and to***co is extremely dangerous and dramatically raises the risk.
Even chewing betel nut without to***co or lime carries a cancer risk.
Early detection of mouth cancer improves the chances of successful treatment.
Be aware of the early signs and symptoms of mouth cancer.
Early Signs and Symptoms of Mouth Cancer:
A sore or ulcer in the mouth that doesn't heal within a few weeks.
A white or red patch in the mouth.
A lump or thickening in the cheek or neck.
Pain when swallowing.
Difficulty moving the tongue or jaw.
Numbness in the mouth or tongue.
Changes in your voice.
Loose teeth.
Our society provides free cancer awareness to schools, business houses, communities and churches in Lae, Morobe. If you would like us to conduct an awareness in your community, please do not hesitate to reach us on our FB Page, or on our email: pngcrs@gmail.com.