11/11/2024
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus. This condition can range from mild to severe and is caused by a variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It’s a common but serious illness, especially for the very young, elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Types of Pneumonia
1. Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP): Contracted outside of healthcare settings, it’s often caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae or viruses like influenza.
2. Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP): Acquired in a hospital setting and usually more serious, as the pathogens are often more resistant to antibiotics.
3. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP): Occurs in people using ventilators in hospitals.
4. Aspiration Pneumonia: Caused by inhaling food, drink, or vomit into the lungs, common in those with swallowing difficulties.
Causes
Bacterial pneumonia: Caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Viral pneumonia: Often caused by respiratory viruses, including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2.
Fungal pneumonia: More common in immunocompromised individuals, and can be caused by fungi like Histoplasma, Coccidioides, or Cryptococcus.
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary based on the cause and the person's age and health. Common symptoms include:
Cough, often with phlegm or pus
Fever, chills, and sweating
Shortness of breath or rapid breathing
Chest pain, especially during coughing or deep breaths
Fatigue and muscle pain
Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea in some cases
asthma
