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How Effective Are Hand Sanitizers? : A Reality CheckThe outbreak of   has demanded stricter hygiene practices in hospita...
21/10/2021

How Effective Are Hand Sanitizers? : A Reality Check
The outbreak of has demanded stricter hygiene practices in hospitals, schools, public places, and households all across the globe to slow down the transmission of . WHO advised the general public to take certain vital precautions like maintaining a social distance of at least 6 ft. Whenever in a public place, wearing a face mask at all times while stepping outside from our homes, keeping rooms and other public gathering places like restaurants, classrooms, etc. well- ventilated, avoiding large social gatherings, and frequent washing of hands for at least 30 secs.

One of the most distinguished aspects of these stricter hygiene practices turned out to be hand sanitizers. The popularity and demand for these hand sanitizers soared an all-time high during the initial phases of the global lockdown. People started hoarding hand sanitizers available in the market to such an extent that it turned out to be scarce for the people who needed it the most - The frontline workers. Government and WHO urged the general public to indulge in handwashing with soap and water in order to meet the deficiency of hand sanitizers for hospitals and healthcare personnel.

WHAT INGREDIENTS DO HAND SANITIZERS CONTAIN?

Hand sanitizers contain alcohol as their key ingredient. Ethanol, propanol, and isopropyl alcohol are commonly found in them. The main reason that these alcohols are chosen over other alcohols is that they are highly water-soluble and nontoxic when consumed to a certain extent.

HOW DO HAND SANITIZERS KILL GERMS?

Hand sanitizers make efficient use of the alcohol content in them to get rid of harmful pathogens. The alcohol breaks down proteins necessary for the pathogen's metabolism and hence, destroys them. The efficacy of these hand sanitizers increases with the alcohol content in them. Studies have shown that alcohol kills a more vast spectrum of bacteria when its concentration exceeds 60%. Hand sanitizers are most effective when they have an alcohol content of more than 90%.

HOW MANY HAND SANITIZERS SHOULD WE USE?

For effective use of hand sanitizers, place a pea-sized amount of it on the palm of your hand and rub it all over the hands including the fingertips till the hand sanitizer evaporates.

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING HAND SANITIZERS?

Hand sanitizers are convenient, portable and an excellent alternative when there is no availability of soap and water.
Hand sanitizers contain certain humectants that help prevent the dryness of the skin.
It has been found that the risk of spreading gastrointestinal tract and respiratory infection is much lower in individuals who use hand sanitizers.
Hand sanitizers are easy and fun to use especially among children.
WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS OF HAND SANITIZERS?

Hand sanitizers are not effective on greasy hands and do not remove soil or dirt. Hence, conventional soap and water is a fitter option for better cleanliness.
Not all sanitizers contain the same percentage of alcohol. They contain alcohol anywhere between 60 to 95%. Thus, their effectiveness varies according to the brand used. However, hand sanitizers with an alcohol content of less than 60% are less effective.
Hand sanitizers are not cleansing agents and should not be used as a replacement for washing with soap and water.
Hand sanitizers do not kill all the germs. They simply reduce the number of active germs of hands. Hence, they are not efficacious for prolonged durations.
Hand sanitizers are only effective for 2 mins from the time of their application. Thus, they have to be re-applied from time to time to efficiently reduce the growth of germs.
Excessive use of hand sanitizers for prolonged periods can cause skin irritation and eczema.
Hand sanitizers should be kept out of the reach of children as they can have serious health repercussions if swallowed more than a couple handfuls.
When the bottle containing hand sanitizer is opened frequently, some amount of alcohol evaporates and the concentration of alcohol in it decreases. Hence, the effectiveness of hand sanitizers decreases over time of usage.

WHY ARE SOAP AND WATER BETTER THAN ?

Hand sanitizer is a disinfectant and it does not physically remove germs from skin as effectively as soap and water. Soap and water, not only remove the germs but also helps get rid of any dirt or grit from the hands. In addition, soap contains surfactants that lift oils and microbes from the skin. Hence, frequent washing of hands with soap and water for at least 30 seconds has been found to be more effective than hand sanitizers.

Thus, to conclude, hand sanitizers should only be used as a precautionary measure when there is no availability of soap and water. Hand sanitizers do not kill the germs entirely as opposed to soap and water which kills almost 99% of germs when hand washed correctly.

 : Their Effect On Covid-19 TransmissionEver since the novel   grappled the world with its deadly claws, various claims ...
08/10/2021

: Their Effect On Covid-19 Transmission

Ever since the novel grappled the world with its deadly claws, various claims have been made subject to its transmission and eradication. However, the WHO norms of 6 ft. of social distancing, regular washing of hands with soap, abstinence from gathering in crowded social places, and wearing of face masks when outside of home still stands solid in reducing the transmission of Covid-19 to a much greater extent.

Face masks amongst these have been implemented as a part of various protocols all across the world to slow down the Covid-19 transmission.

According to the WHO director-general Tedros Adhanom, "in the light of evolving evidence, WHO advises that governments should encourage the general public to wear masks where there is widespread transmission and physical distancing is difficult, such as on public transport, in shops or in other confined or crowded environments.”

BENEFITS OF USING FACE MASKS AGAINST THE NOVEL CORONAVIRUS:

The primary route of transmission of the Covid-19 virus is through respiratory droplets. Hence, face masks act as a barrier and protect us from the infectious respiratory and nasal droplets of an infected person.

The compliance of the public in using a face mask as a form of protection is high, especially in public places. Thus, even if the majority of people wear a face mask in public, the rates of Covid-19 transmission can be lowered to a much greater extent.

Face masks are inarguably the best form of protection when it comes to asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic people. Wearing a face mask at all times whenever going out ensures that the transmission of the Covid-19 virus through their nasal and respiratory droplets is at bay.

Face masks are the cheapest, easiest, and eventually, the most economical means of protection against the novel Coronavirus.

Face masks, either surgical or cloth have a high efficacy against the transmission of the Covid-19 virus.

According to the data of research conducted by the scientists at McMaster University, Canada, the chances of contracting a viral infection were 17.4% without any face masks as opposed to the chances of 3.1% with the use of face masks.

Hence, it would be fair to say that face masks are a profoundly important pillar of Covid-19 pandemic control.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FACE MASKS AND HOW DO THEY WORK?

Surgical masks

They are loose-fitting disposable masks that are also known as "Medical masks". It filters out a large portion of air and reduces the exposure to saliva and respiratory secretions of the mask wearer.

N-95 masks

These are a type of respirators and offer more protection as compared to surgical or cloth masks. As the name suggests, it filters out 95% of the air and hence, almost frees it from any particulate matter or suspension. Some N-95 masks have a one-way valve in them that filters the air inhaled but passes 100% of the expired air without any filter. Hence, many countries have banned the usage of N-95 masks for the general public.

Cloth masks are the most economical alternative of N-95 and surgical-grade masks as they are reusable and can be easily washed and disinfected. Hence, many countries have urged their public to implement the usage of cloth masks so that the N-95 and surgical masks could be reserved for the healthcare workers like doctors and nurses.

HOW TO PROPERLY WEAR A FACE MASK:

The WHO and Indian Council of Medical Research have generated a few pointers to keep in mind while wearing a face mask:

Wash or sanitize your hands before wearing a face mask.
Place the mask carefully over your nose and mouth.
Hold the ear loops and snug them behind your ears.
Make sure to not touch the face mask while wearing it.
If the mask becomes wet or dirty, immediately discard it and use a fresh one.
After usage, remove the mask by lifting off the earl loops from behind the ear and make sure to not touch the face mask.
Wash or sanitize your hands immediately after taking off the face mask.

PRECAUTIONS:

Do not put face masks on children below 2 years of age.
Do not use face masks as a substitute of social distancing.
Make sure that the face mask is not too tight or too loose-fitting.

A research was conducted by the scientists where it was found that wearing face masks during the Covid-19 can also reduce the severity of the infection.

The biggest issue with the -19 is that we cannot inspect a person just by looking at them and be sure whether that subject has been infected by the virus or not. Therefore, everyone should mandatorily wear a face mask irrespective of whether they are showing the symptoms or not.

Hand Sanitizers: An Overview And Their Effect On Covid-19 TransmissionHand sanitizers are liquid or gel-based formulatio...
05/10/2021

Hand Sanitizers: An Overview And Their Effect On Covid-19 Transmission

Hand sanitizers are liquid or gel-based formulations that are used to curtail or kill the harmful microbes and pathogens on hands. Over the past few years, they have evolved as the convenient, on-the-go method of cleaning hands when soap and water aren't available.

Hand sanitizers generally contain ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, or both as one of its active ingredients.

The Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends using hand sanitizers with a minimum of 60% and a maximum of 90% alcohol content for an efficacious killing of germs and reducing their further growth of hands.

HOW DO HAND SANITIZERS WORK?

Hand sanitizers contain alcohol as their active ingredients. Chemically, alcohols are molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Alcohols destroy germs by degrading the constituent proteins or breaking the pathogenic cells into numerous fragments. The more alcohol content a sanitizer has, the more is its effectiveness against germs. According to a study, the effectiveness of hand sanitizers works best at 80-90% alcohol concentration.

Another plus factor is that the bacteria don't develop resistance towards the alcohol and hence, it remains effective even with prolonged usage.

DOES HAND SANITIZER EXPIRE?

Hand sanitizers usually do not expire. Alcohol itself has good shelf stability and if kept in sealed containers at room temperature and away from direct sunlight, it can remain at the same concentration for a long time. However, the alcohol evaporates very quickly and if the sanitizer bottle is opened or closed frequently, alcohol may escape out and thus, its concentration might start to decrease leading to eventually lower potency against germs.

BENEFITS OF HAND SANITIZERS :

While handwashing with regular soap and water might not be available everywhere, hand sanitizers are a convenient, portable, and easy-to-use alternative to hand washing.
Several clinical studies have concluded that the risk of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections is less among people who regularly employ the use of hand sanitizers in their day-to-day lives.
Commercially prepared hand sanitizers contain ingredients like humectants that help prevent skin dryness. Using these products can result in less skin dryness and irritation than hand-washing with soap.
Studies show that adding hand sanitizers to classrooms can reduce student absenteeism due to illness by 20 percent. Along with that, many kids think that instant hand sanitizers are fun to use.

LIMITATIONS OF HAND SANITIZERS :

Not all hand sanitizers are created equally. The alcohol content may be in the form of ethyl alcohol, ethanol, or isopropanol. All of those are acceptable forms of alcohol. Be certain that no matter which type of alcohol is listed, its concentration is between 60 and 95 percent. The alcohol content of less than 60 percent isn't enough to be effective.
Alcohol does not cut through grime. All dirt, blood, and soil must be wiped or washed away first if the alcohol in the sanitizer is to be effective. In such cases, hand-washing with soap and water is advised.
Hand sanitizers are not cleaning agents and are not meant as a replacement for soap and water but as a complementary habit. Sanitizers are most effective when used in conjunction with diligent hand-washing.
Hand sanitizers last on our hands for only about 2 mins of application. It has to be re-applied from time to time for adequate protection.

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE HAND SANITIZERS MARKET :

According to a survey about the impact of Covid-19 on Indians in March 2020, half of the people taking part in the survey were not able to purchase hand sanitizers due to their acute shortage in the market. The makers of hand sanitizers faced a 10- fold jump in the demand.

The reason behind this sudden shortness of hand sanitizers was panic buying and hoarding by the customers during the initial stages of lockdown.

Eventually, as time progressed, hand sanitizers were back in the market and their demand soared to an all-time high because they were more cautious due to the ongoing pandemic. To fulfill the demand, many local companies emerged in the market that produced hand sanitizers and the already established companies reduced the price of their hand sanitizers. People started inculcating regular hand sanitizers in their lifestyle in order to curb the spread of Coronavirus infection as a part of preventative measures.

However, it is important to note that no concrete evidence has been established about the effectiveness of hand sanitizers against the Coronavirus. Hand sanitizers provide general protection against a wide spectrum of harmful microorganisms but they should not be considered as an alternative for handwashing with soap.

Regular washing of hands with soap and water for at least 30 seconds should be considered as an indispensable step towards the prevention of Covid-19.

Balancing The Right Diet In Covid-19 TimesWHAT IS COVID-19?Covid-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by...
04/10/2021

Balancing The Right Diet In Covid-19 Times

WHAT IS COVID-19?
Covid-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by Coronavirus, also known as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - SARS-CoV-2 virus. It was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019.

The common symptoms of this disease include:
Fever
Dry cough
Tiredness
Sore throat
Diarrhea
Headache
Loss of smell
Loss of taste
Body aches and pains
Shortness of breath

Covid-19 is transmitted through coming in close contact with an infected person. This infection spreads through secretions like saliva and respiratory droplets when a person sneezes, coughs or talks.

The time from exposure to Coronavirus to the appearance of symptoms can range anywhere between 1-14 days and is 5-6 days on average. This is why isolation of at least 14 days is advised to anyone who has been exposed to this virus.

HOW CAN WE PROTECT OURSELVES FROM COVID-19?

The covid-19 outbreak has brought with it an atmosphere full of uncertainty and gloominess.

However, the social distancing of at least 6 feet, regular washing of hands with soap for at least 30 seconds, wearing a mask whenever going out, and avoiding large gatherings of people has proven to be highly beneficial against the novel Coronavirus. Hence to recapitulate, maintaining good personal hygiene and keeping the surroundings clean has been determined to be successful in keeping the Coronavirus at bay.

Covid-19 has been found to be particularly fatal in cases where the patient has a weak immune system either due to a poor diet or due to some underlying comorbidities.

Therefore, upholding our immune system with a nutrition-rich diet should be considered indispensable against fighting off Coronavirus.

HOW TO BALANCE THE RIGHT DIET DURING THE CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK?

Our inherent immunity plays a vital role against the novel Coronavirus. Studies have proven that people who eat a healthy and well-balanced diet are less susceptible to the Covid-19 disease in comparison to people who have a poor diet and lifestyle.

WHAT TO EAT :

Fresh fruits and vegetables== The power of the good old fruits and green leafy vegetables cannot be stressed enough. They are rich in dietary fibers, vitamins, and minerals necessary for the normal operation of the immune system and various bodily functions. Fruits like guava, oranges, apples, pineapples, fresh berries, and vegetables such as garlic, spinach, broccoli, ginger, etc provide immense nutritional value just in 2 cup serving sizes.
Nuts and dry fruits =The Covid-19 pandemic has flourished in the dry fruits market due to increased demand. The reason being that dry fruits like almonds, pistachios, walnuts, cashews, raisins, dates, and Brazil nuts are highly nutritious as they contain a good amount of antioxidants, Vit E, Vit B6, and healthy fats. They promote the formation of hemoglobin in our body and compensate for the loss of any nutrients through a daily diet.
Whole grains =Instead of eating unprocessed foods rich in fats and low in nutrients, we must opt for incorporating whole grains like wheat, ragi, oats, maize, and millets in our daily diet. Whole grains contain fibers in abundant quantities. These dietary fibers feed the healthy microbes living in the gut and thus, in turn, boost our immune system. Eating whole grains has also been found to reduce the risk of obesity, heart diseases, intestinal and gastric problems, diabetes, and even cancer.
Legumes, beans, and lentils =They contain carbohydrates, proteins, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and are low in fats and free from cholesterol. Hence, they are considered extremely nutritious and are widely recommended by nutritionists and doctors as part of a healthy diet regime all around the world.
Meat, seafood, and poultry =Red meat is high in saturated fats, iron, zinc, Vit B12, and niacin. Seafood on the other hand is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, Vit D, and iodine. Eating them at least twice a week can do wonders in boosting the nutrient intake and hence overall, the immune system of the body.
Unsaturated fats = contain good cholesterol, also known as HDL which takes up the extra cholesterol from our blood to the liver. In the liver, the extra cholesterol is broken down into simpler molecules and is then eliminated from the body. Thus, consuming unsaturated fats like olive oil, sunflower oil, fish, nuts, and soy can reduce the risk of cholesterol, hypertension, and heart diseases to a great extent.
Home-cooked meals =Homemade meals are more nutritious, safer and adulteration-free than store-bought meals. Cooking homemade foods and eating them fresh at home also reduces our chances of coming in contact with infected persons and hence, lowers our chances of getting exposed to the Covid-19 virus.

WHAT NOT TO EAT :

Canned and processed foods =These types of foods are high in sodium and sugar content. In addition to these, they contain a variety of harmful preservatives like Bisphenol-A (BPA) that has an overall detrimental impact on our body. The chances of adulteration in canned and chemically processed foods are very high. Hence, they should be avoided at all costs, especially during the Coronavirus pandemic.
Industrially produced trans fats =Trans fats are usually considered as the worst types of fats as they raise the bad cholesterol, also known as LDL in our body. These trans fats increase our risk of heart diseases and other health problems. Hence, foods like frozen pizza, pies, fast foods, and other frozen fried foods should be avoided.
Sugary beverages =Staying hydrated during the Covid-19 times is of utmost importance. However, water should be our foremost choice to quench our thirst as it carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells and also helps eliminate toxins from our bodies. But the beverages with added sugars cause inflammation in our body increases our risk of diabetes to multiple folds.
Spicy foods =The daily intake of spicy foods should be avoided during the Coronavirus season as they irritate our throat and thus, makes us cough more. Hence, daily consumption of hot and spicy foods should be avoided.

Apart from dietary changes, adopting a healthy lifestyle like engaging in moderate exercise, having a sound sleep schedule, and managing stress are equally crucial for protection against Covid-19. An amalgamation of good hygiene, a healthy nutritious diet, and an invigorating lifestyle is crucial in these Covid-19 times.

Nutrition And Immunity: A Direct CorrelationAs the Coronavirus continues to plague millions of people across the world, ...
02/10/2021

Nutrition And Immunity: A Direct Correlation

As the Coronavirus continues to plague millions of people across the world, there seems no halting to the wild hysteria that it has created amongst the people. While the researchers are tirelessly working every day to create an effective vaccine, strong inherent immunity is the key to remain shielded by Coronavirus. A healthy immune system must be alert at times for detection and eradication of foreign invasion of pathogens. Modification of the immune system with nutrition is highly crucial at this stage of pandemic.

WHAT IS IMMUNITY AND HOW DOES IT WORK?

Immunity is the ability of the body to resist and fight against the harmful microorganisms that enter our body. It is of two types :

Passive immunity
Active immunity
Passive immunity is present from birth or at the time of vaccination when the weakened or dead form of pathogens is introduced in the body. It is our first line of defense and is not specific. It is usually less effective as compared to active immunity.

Some examples of passive immunity include:

Skin - prevents various pathogens from entering our body.
Mucous membrane - traps any microbes that enter our body through a nasal passage or through our food in the intestine.
Stomach acid - kills harmful pathogens by HCl.
Saliva and tears - contain an enzyme lysozyme that kills the pathogens.
Active immunity is the immunity acquired as a result of our body's immune response towards any harmful pathogen that has entered our body. It is our second line of defense and is more strong as compared to passive immunity. As a result of this, antibodies are produced in our bodies against that virus. It further engraves the memory of that pathogen in our body and helps detect it when the body gets exposed to the pathogen again.

The immune responses to our body include inflammation, swelling, redness, etc. All of these are the outcome of a healthy immune system functioning properly against the pathogen.

Hence, the role of good nutrition on our body's immune system cannot be stressed enough.

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF NUTRITION IN OUR IMMUNE FUNCTION?

If an immune system is functioning properly, then it is said to be "activated". An activated immune system needs an adequate input of energy to meet the basal requirements of the cells to fight against the pathogen. Thus, for a better immunological outcome, we need to intake enough nutrients from our diet.

Some micronutrients and macronutrients have a very specific role in our immune system. For example, arginine is a basic amino acid that is necessary to generate nitric oxide from macrophages (cells that specialize in engulfing the foreign particles), Vit A and zinc are essential in regulating cell division, etc. Some micronutrients, however, when taken in an excess quantity can impair the normal functioning of the immune system.

If the cells will be deprived of proper nutrition, then they will be constantly exhausted and won't be able to initiate efficient responses of the immune system against harmful pathogens.

The immune system's demand for nutrition can be obtained through two sources :

Exogenous sources like from the food that we intake.
Endogenous sources like the reservoir of energy that the body stores in case of extreme demands like fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in its tissue cells.

A majority of the immune cells are found in our gut, specifically in a group of tissue known as the Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT). Our gut has an array of microorganisms that initiate all kinds of immune responses in relation to the food that we intake. Even the composition of this gut microbiome changes according to what we eat. Hence, a constant supply of nutritious food is crucial for the normal functioning of the immune system. Some of the nutrients that have been found highly beneficial for the maintenance of immune cells are vit B12, vit C, vit D, selenium, iron, and protein. In addition to these, a fiber-rich plant-based diet is considered good for the gut microbiome.

A prebiotic and probiotic diet is also considered excellent for the flourishing of the gut microbiome. A prebiotic food contains helpful bacteria while a probiotic diet contains fiber rich diet that feeds the gut microbiome. Examples are probiotic foods are yogurt, kombucha, fermented vegetables, etc.
Examples of prebiotic foods are onion, garlic, bananas, whole grains, etc.

ARE VITAMIN OR HERBAL IMMUNE SUPPLEMENTS BENEFICIAL?

Nutrients like selenium, Vit C, A, B6, D, and E work as antioxidants and support the growth and activity of immune cells. But sometimes due to the geographical locations or some underlying comorbidities, an individual doesn't have access to some of these crucial elements. Hence, the intake these with the help of supplements to make up for their absence. Studies have shown that incorporating them into our body via supplements can improve the immune response particularly in pregnant women, elderly people, infants, and toddlers.
But one important thing that should be kept in mind is that these supplements should not be intaken as a replacement for a good and balanced diet.

Face Masks: Their Effect On Covid-19 TransmissionEver since the novel Coronavirus grappled the world by its deadly claws...
01/10/2021

Face Masks: Their Effect On Covid-19 Transmission

Ever since the novel Coronavirus grappled the world by its deadly claws, various claims have been made in subject to its transmission and eradication. However, the WHO norms of 6 ft. of social distancing, regular washing of hands with soap, abstinence from gathering in crowded social places, and wearing of face masks when outside of home still stands solid in reducing the transmission of Covid-19 to a much greater extent.

Face masks amongst these have been implemented as a part of various protocols all across the world to slow down the Covid-19 transmission.

According to the WHO director-general Tedros Adhanom, "in the light of evolving evidence, WHO advises that governments should encourage the general public to wear masks where there is widespread transmission and physical distancing is difficult, such as on public transport, in shops or in other confined or crowded environments.”

BENEFITS OF USING FACE MASKS AGAINST THE NOVEL CORONAVIRUS:

The primary route of transmission of the Covid-19 virus is through respiratory droplets. Hence, face masks act as a barrier and protect us from the infectious respiratory and nasal droplets of an infected person.

The compliance of the public in using a face mask as a form of protection is high, especially in public places. Thus, even if the majority of people wear a face mask in public, the rates of Covid-19 transmission can be lowered to a much greater extent.

Face masks are inarguably the best form of protection when it comes to asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic people. Wearing a face mask at all times whenever going out ensures that the transmission of Covid-19 virus through their nasal and respiratory droplets is at bay.

Face masks are the cheapest, easiest, and eventually, the most economical means of protection against the novel Coronavirus.

Face masks, either surgical or cloth have high efficacy against the transmission of the Covid-19 virus.

According to the data of research conducted by the scientists at McMaster University, Canada, the chances of contracting a viral infection were 17.4% without any face masks as opposed to the chances of 3.1% with the use of face masks.

Hence, it would be fair to say that face masks are a profoundly important pillar of Covid-19 pandemic control.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FACE MASKS AND HOW DO THEY WORK?

Surgical masks

They are loose-fitting disposable masks that are also known as "Medical masks". It filters out a large portion of air and reduces the exposure to saliva and respiratory secretions of the mask wearer.

N-95 masks

These are a type of respirators and offer more protection as compared to surgical or cloth masks. As the name suggests, it filters out 95% of the air and hence, almost frees it from any particulate matter or suspension. Some N-95 masks have a one-way valve in them that filters the air inhaled but passes 100% of the expired air without any filter. Hence, many countries have banned the usage of N-95 masks for the general public.

Cloth masks are the most economical alternative to N-95 and surgical-grade masks as they are reusable and can be easily washed and disinfected. Hence, many countries have urged their public to implement the usage of cloth masks so that the N-95 and surgical masks could be reserved for the healthcare workers like doctors and nurses.

HOW TO PROPERLY WEAR A FACE MASK:

The WHO and Indian Council of Medical Research have generated a few pointers to keep in mind while wearing a face mask:

Wash or sanitize your hands before wearing a face mask.
Place the mask carefully over your nose and mouth.
Hold the ear loops and snug them behind your ears.
Make sure to not touch the face mask while wearing it.
If the mask becomes wet or dirty, immediately discard it and use a fresh one.
After usage, remove the mask by lifting off the earl loops from behind the ear and make sure to not touch the face mask.
Wash or sanitize your hands immediately after taking off the face mask.

PRECAUTIONS:

Do not put face masks on children below 2 years of age.
Do not use face masks as a substitute of social distancing.
Make sure that the face mask is not too tight or too loose fitting.

A research was conducted by the scientists where it was found that wearing face masks during the Covid-19 pandemic can also reduce the severity of the infection.

The biggest issue with the Covid-19 is that we cannot inspect a person just by looking at them and be sure whether that subject has been infected by the virus or not. Therefore, everyone should mandatorily wear a face mask irrespective of whether they are showing the symptoms or not.

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