Indrayani Eye Hospital and Phaco Center, Dehu

29/10/2023

Schematic representation of the eye and principal types of retinal neovascularization and fibrosis/gliosis:
▪️A) The anterior segment of the eye, consisting primarily of the cornea and iris, is separated from the posterior segment by the lens. The posterior segment consists primarily of the vitreous and the retina.
▪️B) The retina is a highly ordered, multilayered structure that is richly vascularized. Ischemic retinopathies, such as DR, can lead to ischemia and neovascularization on the surface of the retina.
▪️C) In extreme cases, associated gliosis can lead to tractional retinal detachments.
▪️D) ARMD can be associated with subretinal neovascularization originating from the choriocapillaris, and this can lead to subretinal hemorrhage and fibrosis (E).
Credit: www.jci.org

15/10/2023

31/08/2023

Conjunctival Concretions:
▪️A conjunctival concretion is a benign entity characterized by single or multiple discrete yellowish-white deposits of varying size.
▪️They may be idiopathic and are generally a finding in elderly individuals or secondary to chronic conjunctival inflammation like in trachoma.
▪️They typically exist in the subepithelial space of palpebral conjunctiva or fornices.
▪️Concretions are usually asymptomatic when small but larger ones may cause symptoms.
▪️Etiology:
➖Concretions are mostly idiopathic and result from degenerative changes in the conjunctiva due to aging.
➖Secondary causes include:
▫️An allergic or chronic infective disorder affecting the conjunctival surface such as trachoma, allergic keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis
▫️Dry eye disease associated with low-grade inflammation: chronic meibomitis or dry eye.
▫️Recrystallization of certain drops: sulphadiazine.
▪️Pathophysiology:
➖Subsequent to aging or inflammation, the degenerated epithelial cells with debris and inspissated proteinaceous secretions like keratin get organized and deposit in the subepithelial space or conjunctival recesses of Henle's glands.
➖With time calcium may or may not deposit within the substance.
Credit: www.statpearls.com

09/07/2023

Tuberculosis-related Serpiginous-like Choroiditis:
▪️Tubercular association with serpiginous choroiditis, also called ‘serpiginous-like choroiditis’ or ‘multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis’ (MSC) is reported from world over, especially from endemic countries.
▪️Though the exact mechanism is not yet clear, a direct or indirect infectious trigger by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is believed to cause choroiditis.
▪️Young to middle-aged healthy males are more frequently affected.
▪️The choroiditis lesions of tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis evolve as multifocal lesions, affecting the retinal periphery as well as posterior pole.
▪️They begin as discrete lesions, and spread in a serpiginoid pattern to become confluent.
▪️Healing of the lesions starts from the centre. Inflammation of the vitreous is common, and anterior segment is seldom involved.
▪️Occasionally, placoid and solitary lesions may be seen.
▪️The affected eyes usually have both active as well as healed lesions.
▪️Healed lesions show scarring and RPE atrophy with prominent underlying choroidal vessels.
▪️Hyperpigmentation of the scars is a feature of long duration of the disease, with or without subretinal fibrosis.
▪️Final visual acuity is generally preserved as the fovea escapes extensive pigmentation and scarring.
▪️Retinal vasculitis, cystoid macular edema and optic disc edema are some of the rare associations, which may co-exist in the same eye with MSC.
Credit: www.joii-journal.springeropen.com
Photo credit: asrs.retinaspecialists

26/09/2022

Funds and it's measurements ?
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12/02/2022

16/05/2021

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