Jakstar Pharma

23/08/2025

Pharma Update

21/08/2025

20/08/2025

LYSINE IN MULTIVITAMINS AND
MULTI MINERAL
COMBINATION

The inclusion of lysine in multivitamin–multimineral combinations is intentional and clinically valuable. Let me break it down from a pharmacological–nutritional perspective:
🔬 Lysine Overview
Lysine is an essential amino acid — the body cannot synthesize it and must obtain it through diet or supplements.
It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, calcium absorption, collagen formation, immune regulation, and enzymatic functions.
Key Benefits of Lysine in Multivitamin Multimineral Combinations are:
1. Enhances Calcium Absorption and Bone Health.Lysine improves intestinal absorption of calcium and reduces urinary calcium loss.It enhances collagen cross-linking, important for bones, cartilage, and connective tissues.
This is particularly useful when combined with Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Magnesium, and Zinc in multivitamin–mineral formulas supports bone density and prevents osteoporosis.
2. It Boosts Immunity.Lysine supports antibody and enzyme synthesis, which strengthens immune defense.
Synergistic effect with Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Selenium, and Zinc improved resistance against infections, especially viral.Known to inhibit replication of certain viruses (e.g., herpes simplex virus) some formulas leverage this antiviral property.
3. Collagen and Tissue Repair
Lysine is a building block of collagen (with Vitamin C as a cofactor).
Combination helps in wound healing, skin repair, and tissue regeneration.
Useful for patients with injuries, ulcers, or post-surgical recovery.
4. Improves Protein Utilization
Helps in better nitrogen balance and efficient utilization of dietary protein.
Particularly important in malnourished, elderly, or chronically ill patients where protein synthesis is impaired.
5. Supports Muscle Mass and Recovery
As an essential amino acid, lysine assists in muscle repair and lean body mass maintenance.
Works synergistically with B-vitamins and magnesium (for energy metabolism) helpful in convalescence, athletes, and debilitated patients.
6. Cardiovascular Health
Lysine, in combination with Vitamin C, has been researched (notably by Dr. Linus Pauling) for reducing lipoprotein(a), which is implicated in atherosclerosis.
Supports vascular integrity by promoting collagen in arterial walls.
7. General Well-being and Growth
In children: supports linear growth and bone development.
In adults: reduces fatigue when combined with B-complex vitamins and minerals.
In practice Multivitamin multimineral + Lysine combinations are widely prescribed in:
General weakness, fatigue, convalescence
Malnutrition and poor dietary intake
Pediatric growth and development
Post-surgical recovery
Bone health support (osteopenia, osteoporosis)
Immunity boosting and infection resistance
Lysine acts as a synergistic enhancer in multivitamin multimineral supplements improving calcium utilization, protein synthesis, collagen formation, immunity, and recovery. Its presence makes such combinations more effective, especially in patients with increased nutritional needs.
Regards,
JAKSTAR PHARMA.

19/08/2025

COMPLEX DECISIONS THAT A DOCTOR HAS TO MAKE WHEN PRESCRIBING MEDICINES :

There is complexity and responsibility involved in a doctor’s prescribing decision.Though prescribing a medicine may seem like a straightforward task, but in reality, it is a carefully considered clinical judgment that goes far beyond selecting a drug from a list. Physicians are constantly weighing a range of medical, practical, and patient-centric factors to ensure the treatment not only works effectively but is also safe, accessible, and sustainable for the individual. Every patient presents a unique profile shaped by their age, health status, lifestyle, and socioeconomic background and a responsible prescription must account for all of these. From evaluating the drug’s efficacy and side effects to considering cost, compliance, and availability, the process is multifaceted and deeply personalized. Below is a concise summary of the key elements a doctor must assess before finalizing a prescription.

When prescribing treatment, doctors carefully evaluate multiple factors beyond just the clinical effectiveness of a drug. Efficacy remains a primary concern ensuring the medication works for the specific condition. However, this must be balanced with safety and tolerability, considering patient-specific factors such as age, comorbidities, allergies, and risk of side effects.
Patient compliance is another key aspect, influenced by how simple the regimen is (e.g., once-daily dosing), side effect profile, and patient understanding. Cost and affordability play a crucial role, especially in settings where patients pay out of pocket, making the choice between branded and generic options important. The availability of the drug in pharmacies or hospitals can limit choices, even if a medication is ideal clinically.
Doctors also consider treatment guidelines and resistance patterns, particularly for antibiotics, to ensure they align with evidence based protocols.

Personalization of treatment adjusting for pregnancy, lifestyle, weight, or previous drug response ensures safety and effectiveness. Lastly, incorporating the patient’s preferences and beliefs fosters trust and improves adherence.

Together, these factors help doctors provide not just a theoretically ideal prescription, but a practical, safe, and sustainable treatment tailored to the individual patient’s context and needs.

Regards,
JAKSTAR PHARMA

18/08/2025

Which B Vitamins Are Most Pivotal & Which Don't Usually Need Supplements:

The B-complex group includes 8 essential vitamins, each with unique functions. However, not all are equally critical to supplement in daily life.

Most Pivotal B Vitamins for Human Health are:

1)Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
It is vital for Nerve function, red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis.People with high risk of deficiency are Vegetarians/vegans, Elderly,People with GI disorders (e.g., gastritis, post-bariatric surgery)
It often requires supplementation

2)Vitamin B9 (Folate/Folic Acid):
It is vital for DNA synthesis, pregnancy (prevents neural tube defects).It has high risk of deficiency in Pregnant women ,Individuals with anemia.
It is Commonly supplemented in women of reproductive age

3)Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine):
It is vital for Brain health, mood regulation, nerve function. Its Deficiency risk are in Alcoholics and People on certain medications (e.g., isoniazid).
It is often included in nerve and energy supplements.

Now Vitamin Bs that rarely need Supplementation:
1)B2 (Riboflavin) – Easily obtained from dairy, eggs, leafy greens.
2)B5 (Pantothenic Acid) – Present in nearly all foods; deficiency is extremely rare.
3)B7 (Biotin) – Produced by gut flora; true deficiency is uncommon.

While all B vitamins are essential, B12, B9, and B6 are the most clinically important to monitor and supplement, especially in at-risk groups.
Others (like B2, B5, B7) are usually adequately obtained from a regular diet and rarely require supplementation.
This is a general information. For the supplementation it is required to see your physician.
Regards,
JAKSTAR PHARMA

18/08/2025

Rabeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces stomach acid production.
Rabiprazole works by the following Mechanism and that is responsible for the time it takes for action .

1)Absorption:Rabeprazole is absorbed from the gut into the bloodstream relatively quickly, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 2-5 hours after oral administration.

2)Blocking proton pumps:Once absorbed, rabeprazole irreversibly binds to the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme (proton pump) in the gastric parietal cells. This blocks the final step of acid production, reducing gastric acid secretion.

3)Onset of action:The acid-suppressing effect of rabeprazole starts within 1-3 hours after administration, with maximum effect achieved within 2-4 days of continuous treatment.

4)Duration of action:The effect of rabeprazole lasts for 24-48 hours due to the irreversible binding to proton pumps, which requires new proton pumps to be synthesized to restore acid secretion.

Hence the dosage needs to be done accordingly and use it to its full potential.
This is a general guideline , however one should consult physician for its use.
Regards ,
JAKSTAR PHARMA

17/08/2025

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17/08/2025

ANTIBIOTICS MOST SUSCEPTIBLE TO RESISTANCE

The following is the breakdown of which antibiotics are most prone to resistance, why, and what it means for the future of treatment.

1. Antibiotics that Have the Highest Resistance Rates are Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)
a)Fluoroquinolones exhibit the highest resistance rates among major antibiotic classes. In a comprehensive network meta-analysis, they were significantly more likely to face resistance than carbapenems or aminoglycosides. Comparatively, fluoroquinolones had about a 50% higher risk of resistance relative to meropenem. In serious infections like bloodstream infections, ciprofloxacin resistance ranges from 50% to 77% globally, and averages around 63%.
b)Macrolides (e.g., erythromycin, azithromycin) & Clindamycin
* Among Gram-positive organisms, erythromycin resistance is extremely high around 87.9% followed by clindamycin at 85.3% and azithromycin at 85.1%.
c)Third-Generation Cephalosporins (e.g., ceftriaxone)
* Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in pathogens like E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae is rising sharply:
* For E. coli, median resistance to third-gen cephalosporins is ~42%.
* In typhoid-causing Salmonella Typhi in Gujarat, India, resistance to ceftriaxone and similar antibiotics exceeded 90% in some cases.
d)Beta-Lactams (e.g., penicillins like ampicillin)
* Ampicillin and related penicillins are highly vulnerable due to widespread production of beta-lactamase enzymes like TEM-1 especially in E. coli where up to 90% of resistance stems from this mechanism.
* In ICU-derived isolates (e.g., from Egypt), ampicillin resistance was around 87.3%, ceftazidime resistancesoared to 81.4%, and co-amoxiclav resistance to 83.9%.

2. Antibiotics with Better Durability Against Resistance Carbapenems (e.g., meropenem, imipenem, ertapenem)
* These last-resort antibiotics currently have the lowest resistance rates:
* Meropenem: ~20%
* Imipenem: ~28.6%
* Ertapenem: ~35.2% resistance Frontiers
a)Aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin, amikacin)
* Compared to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides show moderate resistance:
* Gentamicin: ~26.4%
* Amikacin: ~31.8%
b)Glycopeptides & Oxazolidinones (e.g., vancomycin, linezolid)
* Among Gram-positive infections, vancomycin resistance is minimal (~3.3%), while linezolid resistance is virtually non-existent (0%).
c)Colistin
* Though once highly reliable, colistin resistance is emerging, especially via plasmid-mediated mcr genes, and remains below 10% overall but rising.

3. Some Antibiotics Are More Susceptible to Resistance
1. Widespread misuse and overuse: Fluoroquinolones and broad-spectrum beta-lactams are frequently overprescribed even for viral infections creating high selection pressure.
2. Simple resistance mechanisms:
* Beta-lactamases (e.g., TEM-1, ESBLs) easily inactivate penicillins and cephalosporins.
* Target-site mutations in DNA gyrase/topoisomerase confer rapid fluoroquinolone resistance.
* Efflux pumps and barrier changes reduce intracellular antibiotic concentrations (top tool for organisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
3. Intrinsic resistance mechanisms:
* Species like Pseudomonas aeruginosa carry AMR genes (AmpC, NDM-1, etc.) and naturally low permeability, making broad resistance common.
4. Emergence of last-resort resistance:
* The rise of carbapenemases and colistin-resistance genes (e.g., mcr-1) threatens even the most resilient antibiotic classes.
This Matters is of concern because of the following reasons.
* Treatment implications: Antibiotics like fluoroquinolones are often ineffective today against common infections; reliance on carbapenems and vancomycin is growing.
* Public health risk: Overuse and misuse drive this problem WHO urges use of Access antibiotics, avoiding Watchdrugs unless necessary.
* Urgency for stewardship: Curbing misuse, optimizing prescribing, and investing in surveillance are essential to slowing resistance.
Regards ,
JAKSTAR PHARMA