Life -line hospital

24/10/2022

Welcome

11/10/2022

02/04/2021

01/04/2021

*Compounded Words - Meaning*

*1. Anaemia* - Deficiency of haemoglobin in the blood
*2. Analgesic* - Medicine which alleviates pain
*3. Arthralgia* - Pain in a joint
*4. Cephalalgia* - Headache
*5. Nephralgia* - Pain in the kidney
*6. Neuralgia* - Nerve pain
*7. Myalgia* - Muscle pain
*8. Otalgia* - Ear ache
*9. Gastralgia* - Pain in the stomach
*10. Pyoderma* - Skin infection with pus formation
*11. Leucoderma* - Defective skin pigmentaion
*12. Hysterodynia* - Pain in the uterus
*13. Hysterectomy* - Excision of the uterus
*14. Nephrectomy* - Excision of a kidney
*15. Adenectomy* - Excision of a gland
*16. Cholecystectomy* - Excision of gall bladder
*17. Thyroidectomy* - Excision of thyroid gland
*18. Arthritis* - Inflammation of a joint
*19. Bronchitis* - Inflammation of the bronchi
*20. Carditis* - Inflammation of the heart
*21. Cervicitis* - Inflammation of the cervix
*22. Colitis* - Inflammation of the colon
*23. Colpitis* - Inflammation of the va**na
*24. Cystitis* - Inflammation of the urinary bladder
*25. Enteritis* - Inflammation of the intestines
*26. Gastritis* - Inflammation of the stomach
*27. Glossitis* - Inflammation of the tongue
*28. Hepatitis* - Inflammation of the liver
*29. Laryngitis* - Inflammation of the larynx
*30. Metritis* - Inflammation of the uterus
*31. Myelitis* - Inflammation of the spinal cord *32. Nephritis* - Inflammation of the kidney
*33. Pharyngitis* - Inflammation of the pharynx
*34. Blepharitis* - Inflammation of the eyelids *35. Cholelithiasis* - Stone in the gall bladder *36. Nephrolithiasis* - Stone in the kidney
*37. Osteomalacia* - Softening of bones through deficiency of calcium or D vitamin
*38. Adenoma* -Benign tumour of glandular tissue
*39. Myoma* - Tumour of muscle
*40. Diplopia* - Double vision
*41. Thrombosis* - Formation of a blood clot
*42. Pyloromyotomy* - Incision of pyloric sphincter muscle
*43. Hedrophobia* - Fear of water(Rabies in humans)
*44. Neuroplasty* - Surgical repair of nerves
*45. Pyloraplasty* - Incision of plastic pylorus to widen passage
*46. Hemiplegia* - Paralysis of one side of the body
*47. Nephroptosis* - Downward displacement of the kidney
*48. Amenorrhoea* - Absence of menstrual discharge
*49. Dysmenorrhoea* - Painful menstruation
*50. Leucorrhoea* - Whitish va**nal discharge *51. Menorrhoea* - Menstrual bleeding
*52. Haemorrhage* - Escape of blood from a vessel
*53. Arrhythmia* - Any deviation of normal rhythm of heart
*54. Cholestasis* - Diminution in the flow of bile
*55. Haemostatis* - Arrest of bleeding
*56. Neurasthenia* - Nervous debility
*57. Cystostomy* - Surgical opening made into the bladder
*58. Cystotomy* - Incision into the urinary bladder
*59. Hypertrophy* - Increase in the size of tissues
*60. Haematuria* - Blood in the urine

01/04/2021

Pathophysiology of COVID -19
Corona viruses are Large, enveloped, single stranded RNA viruses,
It has a diameter of 60nm to 140nm and distinctive spikes, ranging from 9nm to 12nm, giving the virion the appearance of solar corona.
Bats are thought to be a natural reservoir for Sars-Cov2, but it has been suggested that humans become infected via an intermediate hostsuch as pangolin.
EARLY INFECTION
Target cells are nasal, bronchial epithelial cells and pneumocytes.
The spike protein binds to ACE 2 receptor.
The transmembrane serine protease type 2(TMPRSS2), present in the host cell promotes viral uptake by cleaving ACE 2 and activatingSARS-COV2 protein, which mediates COV entry into the cells.
ACE 2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in alveolar epithelial type 2 cells.
It causes profound lymphopenia, impairs lymphopoiesis and increase lymphocytes apoptosis.
LATER STAGES
Viral replication accelerates, epithelial -endothelial barrier integrity is compromised.
SARS-COV2 infects pulmonary capillary endothelial cells, accentuating the inflammatory response and triggering an influx of monocytes and neutrophils.
Interstitial mononuclear infiltrates and edema develops and appear as ground glass opacities on CT imaging.
Endothelial barrier disruption, dysfunctional alveolar capillary oxygen transmission and impaired oxygen diffusion capacity are the characteristics feature of Covid 19.
SEVERE COVID 19
Fulminant activation of coagulation and consumption of clotting factors occur.
It leads to high incidence of thrombotic complications such as dvt, pulmonary embolism, limb ischemia, ischemic stroke, MI in critically ill patients.
The development of viral sepsis can lead to multi organ failure.