Dr Ambuj Kumar, Brain and spine surgeon, Patna

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Headache, Backpain, Neck pain,
Head injury/ spine injury,
Brain and spine tumours,
cerebrovascular surgery,
Endoscopic Brain surgeries,
Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS),
Neurointervention (DSA, Aneurysm coiling, Mechanical thrombectomy for stroke)

**Symptoms of Lumbar Spondylitis** (inflammation in the lower spine) can vary depending on the cause and severity, but c...
29/05/2025

**Symptoms of Lumbar Spondylitis** (inflammation in the lower spine) can vary depending on the cause and severity, but commonly include:

# # # 🔹 Common Symptoms:

1. **Lower back pain** – dull or aching, worsens with rest or inactivity
2. **Morning stiffness** – especially after waking, lasting more than 30 minutes
3. **Reduced flexibility** – difficulty bending or twisting the lower back
4. **Pain radiating to hips or buttocks**
5. **Fatigue** – due to chronic inflammation
6. **Swelling or tenderness** in the lower back area

# # # 🔹 Advanced or Severe Cases:

* **Nerve compression symptoms**: numbness, tingling, or weakness in legs
* **Postural changes**: stooping or forward curvature
* **Pain that improves with exercise** (typical in inflammatory types like ankylosing spondylitis)

Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) is chosen over traditional open surgery for several important reasons, primarily...
27/05/2025

Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) is chosen over traditional open surgery for several important reasons, primarily due to its potential benefits for patients. Here are the main advantages:

# # # 1. **Smaller Incisions**

* MISS uses tiny incisions (often less than 1 inch), which minimizes damage to skin, muscles, and tissues.

# # # 2. **Reduced Pain and Scarring**

* Smaller incisions mean less trauma to the body, resulting in **less postoperative pain** and **minimal scarring**.

# # # 3. **Shorter Hospital Stays**

* Many minimally invasive spine procedures are performed on an outpatient basis or require only a short hospital stay.

# # # 4. **Faster Recovery Time**

* Patients typically **return to normal activities sooner**, with quicker rehabilitation compared to traditional spine surgery.

# # # 5. **Lower Risk of Infection and Complications**

* Less exposure of internal tissues to the external environment significantly **reduces infection risk** and complications.

# # # 6. **Less Blood Loss**

* Because the procedure is less invasive, there's **typically less blood loss** during surgery.

# # # 7. **Precision and Advanced Technology**

* Surgeons use tools like **microscopes, endoscopes, or navigation systems**, which increase accuracy and reduce the impact on surrounding tissues.

# # # Common Conditions Treated with MISS:

* Herniated discs
* Spinal stenosis
* Degenerative disc disease
* Scoliosis
* Spinal instability or fractures

"Understanding brain tumors: early detection and awareness can save lives."Would you like the caption to be more scienti...
26/05/2025

"Understanding brain tumors: early detection and awareness can save lives."

Would you like the caption to be more scientific, emotional, or awareness-driven?

A **herniated disc** (also called a slipped or ruptured disc) occurs when the soft inner gel of a spinal disc pushes thr...
24/05/2025

A **herniated disc** (also called a slipped or ruptured disc) occurs when the soft inner gel of a spinal disc pushes through a crack in the tougher exterior casing. Symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of the herniation, but common ones include:

# # # **Common Symptoms:**

# # # # **1. Pain**

* **Back pain** (especially in the lower back or neck)
* **Radiating pain** down the arms or legs:

* **Sciatica**: sharp, shooting pain that travels from the buttock down the leg (common with lumbar disc herniation)
* **Cervical radiculopathy**: pain radiating down an arm (with neck disc herniation)

# # # # **2. Numbness or Tingling**

* Often in the area served by the affected nerves (arms, hands, legs, or feet)

# # # # **3. Muscle Weakness**

* Weakness in affected muscles, which may lead to stumbling or difficulty lifting or holding objects

# # # # **4. Loss of Reflexes**

* Decreased reflexes at the knee or ankle (lumbar), or in the arms (cervical)

# # # **Severe or Emergency Symptoms:**

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

* **Loss of bladder or bowel control**
* **Severe weakness or numbness in both legs**
* **Saddle anesthesia** (numbness in the area around the buttocks, inner thighs, and groin)

"Spin surgery" isn't a standard medical term, so you may be referring to **spine surgery**—a procedure performed on the ...
22/05/2025

"Spin surgery" isn't a standard medical term, so you may be referring to **spine surgery**—a procedure performed on the spinal column to treat various conditions. You might need spine surgery if you have:

1. **Chronic back or neck pain** that hasn’t improved with conservative treatments like physical therapy, medications, or injections.
2. **Herniated discs** causing nerve compression with symptoms like numbness, tingling, or weakness in the limbs.
3. **Spinal stenosis** – narrowing of the spinal canal leading to nerve pressure.
4. **Spinal deformities** such as scoliosis or kyphosis that are painful or worsening.
5. **Instability or fractures** in the spine due to injury or conditions like osteoporosis.
6. **Degenerative disc disease** that severely impacts quality of life.
7. **Spinal tumors** or infections requiring surgical removal or stabilization.

Common symptoms of a brain tumor can vary depending on the tumor's size, location, and rate of growth, but typical signs...
22/05/2025

Common symptoms of a brain tumor can vary depending on the tumor's size, location, and rate of growth, but typical signs include:

1. **Headaches** – often worse in the morning or when lying down.
2. **Seizures** – new onset of seizures or changes in seizure patterns.
3. **Nausea and vomiting** – especially if persistent and unexplained.
4. **Vision problems** – blurred vision, double vision, or loss of peripheral vision.
5. **Cognitive or personality changes** – memory problems, confusion, or changes in behavior.
6. **Weakness or numbness** – typically on one side of the body.
7. **Balance and coordination issues** – clumsiness or difficulty walking.
8. **Speech difficulties** – trouble speaking, understanding language, or slurred speech.
9. **Hearing problems** – especially if occurring on one side only.
10. **Fatigue** – chronic tiredness not improved by rest.

Symptoms of a **brain hemorrhage** (bleeding in or around the brain) can vary depending on the location and severity of ...
22/05/2025

Symptoms of a **brain hemorrhage** (bleeding in or around the brain) can vary depending on the location and severity of the bleed, but common symptoms include:

# # # **Sudden and Severe Symptoms:**

* **Sudden severe headache** (often described as "the worst headache of my life")
* **Nausea or vomiting**
* **Loss of consciousness** or fainting
* **Seizures**
* **Weakness or numbness** in the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side)
* **Difficulty speaking** or understanding speech
* **Blurred or double vision**
* **Loss of balance or coordination**
* **Confusion or difficulty thinking clearly**

# # # **Other Possible Symptoms:**

* **Sensitivity to light**
* **Stiff neck** (especially with subarachnoid hemorrhage)
* **Unequal pupil size**
* **Changes in breathing or heart rate**
* **Coma** (in severe cases)

Preventing a brain aneurysm—or reducing your risk—mostly involves managing overall vascular health. While not all aneury...
21/05/2025

Preventing a brain aneurysm—or reducing your risk—mostly involves managing overall vascular health. While not all aneurysms are preventable (some are congenital), there are key precautions you can take:

# # # **1. Control Blood Pressure**

* **Why**: High blood pressure is a major risk factor for aneurysms.
* **How**: Monitor regularly, reduce salt intake, exercise, and take prescribed medications if needed.

# # # **2. Don’t Smoke**

* Smoking weakens blood vessel walls and significantly increases aneurysm risk.

# # # **3. Limit Alcohol Use**

* Heavy drinking can increase blood pressure and weaken vessels.

# # # **4. Maintain a Healthy Weight**

* Obesity increases risk of hypertension and vascular problems.

# # # **5. Eat a Heart-Healthy Diet**

* Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
* Avoid excessive processed foods, saturated fats, and added sugars.

# # # **6. Manage Cholesterol**

* High cholesterol contributes to vascular damage. Consider regular screening.

# # # **7. Regular Exercise**

* Moderate aerobic activity (like walking or cycling) improves heart and vascular health.

# # # **8. Manage Stress**

* Chronic stress can elevate blood pressure. Techniques like meditation, deep breathing, or therapy may help.

# # # **9. Know Your Family History**

* If brain aneurysms run in your family, speak with your doctor. Genetic testing or imaging might be advised.

# # # **10. Avoid Illicit Drugs**

* Especially co***ne or amphetamines, which can spike blood pressure and damage vessels.

Symptoms of spine problems can vary depending on the specific condition and which part of the spine is affected (cervica...
19/05/2025

Symptoms of spine problems can vary depending on the specific condition and which part of the spine is affected (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral). Here are some common symptoms:

# # # 1. **Pain**

* **Back pain** (localized or radiating)
* **Neck pain**
* **Shooting pain** down the arms or legs (e.g., sciatica)
* Pain that worsens with movement or certain positions

# # # 2. **Numbness or Tingling**

* In the arms, hands, legs, or feet
* May indicate nerve compression or irritation

# # # 3. **Muscle Weakness**

* Especially in the limbs
* Can lead to difficulty walking or performing fine motor tasks

# # # 4. **Stiffness or Limited Mobility**

* Difficulty bending, twisting, or standing straight
* Feeling of reduced flexibility in the back or neck

# # # 5. **Postural Changes**

* Uneven shoulders or hips
* Visible curvature of the spine (e.g., scoliosis)

# # # 6. **Loss of Bladder or Bowel Control**

* **Emergency symptom** (may indicate cauda equina syndrome)

# # # 7. **Balance or Coordination Issues**

* Trouble walking steadily
* Feeling unsteady or clumsy

A **stroke** occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getti...
16/05/2025

A **stroke** occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. Brain cells begin to die within minutes, so stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.

---

# # # **Types and Causes of Stroke**

There are two main types of stroke, each with different causes:

# # # # 1. **Ischemic Stroke** (about 87% of all strokes)

Occurs due to blockage in an artery supplying blood to the brain.

* **Causes:**

* **Blood clots** (thrombosis or embolism)
* **Atherosclerosis** (plaque buildup in arteries)
* **Heart conditions** (e.g., atrial fibrillation)
* **Small vessel disease**

# # # # 2. **Hemorrhagic Stroke**

Occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts.

* **Causes:**

* **High blood pressure** (hypertension)
* **Aneurysm rupture**
* **Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)**
* **Head trauma**
* **Blood-thinning medications**

# # # # 3. **Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)**

Often called a "mini-stroke," it's a temporary blockage of blood flow that resolves without lasting damage.

* **Warning sign of future strokes**

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# # # **Symptoms of Stroke**

* Sudden numbness or weakness (especially on one side of the body)
* Confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
* Vision problems in one or both eyes
* Difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance
* Severe headache with no known cause

**Use the acronym FAST:**

* **F**ace drooping
* **A**rm weakness
* **S**peech difficulty
* **T**ime to call emergency services

---

# # # **Treatment**

# # # # **Ischemic Stroke Treatment:**

* **Clot-busting drugs**: e.g., **tPA (tissue plasminogen activator)**, given within 3–4.5 hours
* **Mechanical thrombectomy**: physically removing the clot (within 6–24 hours for some patients)
* **Antiplatelet drugs**: aspirin
* **Blood thinners**: for prevention in conditions like atrial fibrillation

# # # # **Hemorrhagic Stroke Treatment:**

* **Lowering blood pressure**
* **Surgery** to repair damaged blood vessels or relieve pressure (e.g., clipping an aneurysm)
* **Medications** to control bleeding, seizures, or brain swelling

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# # # **Rehabilitation and Long-term Management**

* **Physical therapy**: regain movement and strength
* **Speech therapy**: for communication or swallowing issues
* **Occupational therapy**: relearn daily activities
* **Lifestyle changes**: diet, exercise, quit smoking, control diabetes and blood pressure

"Choosing the best neurosurgeon means choosing expertise, precision, and care — because when it comes to your brain and ...
14/05/2025

"Choosing the best neurosurgeon means choosing expertise, precision, and care — because when it comes to your brain and spine, only the best will do."

"Celebrating Mahavir Jayanti – Honoring the birth of Lord Mahavir, the apostle of peace, non-violence, and truth. May hi...
10/04/2025

"Celebrating Mahavir Jayanti – Honoring the birth of Lord Mahavir, the apostle of peace, non-violence, and truth. May his teachings inspire compassion and harmony in our lives."
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