Dr. Kelly titus

10/12/2022

What is ..
's autoimmune disease ..
a condition in which your immune system attacks your thyroid, a small gland at the base of your neck below your Adam's apple. The thyroid gland is part of your endocrine system, which produces hormones that coordinate many of your body's functions.

Inflammation from Hashimoto's disease, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, often leads to an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). Hashimoto's disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. It primarily affects middle-aged women but can also occur in men and women of any age and in children.

Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism include:

*Fatigue and sluggishness
*Sensitivity to cold
*Constipation
*Pale, dry skin
*A puffy face
*Brittle nails
*Hair loss
*Enlargement of the tongue
*Unexplained weight gain
*Muscle aches, tenderness and stiffness
*Joint pain and stiffness
*Muscle weakness
*Excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding
*Depression
*Memory lapses

Complications
*Goiter
*Mental Health problems
* Myxedema

*Birth defects - Babies born to women with untreated hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's disease may have a higher risk of birth defects than do babies born to healthy mothers. Doctors have long known that these children are more prone to intellectual and developmental problems.

Please share with us any questions or life stories to help others. If you may have any outstanding health issue don't hesitate to consult:0743834492.

11/06/2022

Benign prostatic hyperplasia
This is a condition that majorly affects the elderly.Prostrate gland found in men plays a role in secretion of seminal fluid that aid in propulsion of spermatozoa during reproduction.
Testosterone hormone produced by testicles is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) which promotes prostate hyperplasia (multiplication of cells). Eventually symptoms like;
Dribbling, incomplete voiding,blood in urine may ensue.
If you need any special clinic and treatment be it Diabetes, hypertension,gynaecological issues or any other health related issue reach us on 0743834492 or visit Imani Yako medical center for any assistance.Located at Joska along kangundo road.

30/11/2020

Assessment for Well-Being

Assessment of the newborn immediately starts the moment he or she is delivered, and there are a lot of standard assessments used to evaluate them rapidly.

Apgar Scoring

The Apgar scoring is done during the first 1 minute and 5 minutes of life. The heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and the color are evaluated in an infant. Apgar score is the baseline for all future observations.

Indicator012AActivityAbsentFlexed arms and legsActivePPulseAbsentBelow 100 bpmOver 100 bpmGGrimaceFloppyMinimal response to stimulationPrompt response to stimulationAAppearanceBlue; palePink body, blue extremitiesPinkRRespirationAbsentSlow & irregularVigorous cry

Each parameter can have the highest score of two and the lowest is 0.

The scores of the five parameters are added to determine the status of the infant.

Apgar scoring

0-3 points: the baby is serious danger and need immediate resuscitation.

4-6 points: the baby’s condition is guarded and may need more extensive clearing of the airway and supplementary oxygen.

7-10 points: are considered good and in the best possible health.

Respiratory Evaluation

With every newborn contact, respiratory evaluation is necessary because this is the highest priority in newborn care.

The Silverman and Andersen index can assess respiratory distress and its varying degrees.

There are five criteria to evaluate the newborn: chest movement, intercostals retraction, xiphoid retraction, nares dilatation, and expiratory grunt.

The highest score for each criterion is 2, and the lowest is 0.

The lowest overall score is 0, which indicates that there is no respiratory distress.

A score of 4 to 6 shows moderate distress and 7 to 10 indicates severe distress.

The scores of the Silverman and Andersen index are opposite the Apgar scoring.

Physical Examination

Physical examination is done to detect any observable conditions and physical defects.

30/11/2020

20/11/2020

Pneumonia: Causes, symptoms and treatment

Definition

Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Bacterial pneumonia is the most common type in adults. Pneumonia causes inflammation in the air sacs in your lungs, which are called alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe.

History

Pneumonia has been a common disease throughout human history. The word is from Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn) meaning “lung”. The symptoms were described by Hippocrates (c. 460 BC – 370 BC). Edwin Klebs was the first to observe bacteria in the airways of persons having died of pneumonia in 1875.

Initial work identifying the two common bacterial causes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, was performed by Carl Friedländer and Albert Fraenkel in 1882 and 1884, respectively.

Friedländer’s initial work introduced the Gram stain, a fundamental laboratory test still used today to identify and categorize bacteria. Christian Gram’s paper describing the procedure in 1884 helped to differentiate the two bacteria, and showed that pneumonia could be caused by more than one microorganism

Epidemiology

One study estimated that nearly 4 million children died each year of acute respiratory infections in the period from 1980 to 1990. Because of this, the World Health Organization (WHO) set up the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) to further study the incidence of childhood pneumonia.

CHERG performed systematic reviews to compile pneumonia statistics in children under age 5 for the year 2000. The group found that there were approximately 150 million new episodes of pneumonia in children under 5. Of these 150 million new cases, approximately 4 million occurred in developed countries, while the rest occurred in developing nations.

Types

Types by location

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) as the name implies, develops outside of the hospital or health-care environment.

09/11/2020

During this covid era, lets remind ourselves about co-morbid conditions.Diabetes mellitus is the commonest.By definition diabetes mellitus refers to increased blood sugar levels due to inadequate action of the insulin.Blood sugars above 7 mmol/litre while fasting for 24hrs or random blood sugars exceeding 11 mmol/litre basically defines diabetes.

There are 2 major classification of diabetes that is type 1 and type 2. The former is more common to young and people aged 40 years and below while Type 2 is common among aged.
Type 2 is more common currently and here are some of its risk factors; 1. Sedentary life style: That is living physically inactive life and consuming lots of cholesterol and fats which increases resistance to insulin action.
2.Genetics- Diabetes is a familial syndrome and certain genes may control how effective your insulin will control your bood sugars.
3. Endocrine disoders.Certain hormones apart from insulin work to regulate hormones within the body.Adrenal cortex which secretes cortisols promote glucose formation through gluconeogenesis.
The major complication experienced by culprits of diabetes is renal failure.This is majorly magnifested through reduced urine output(oliguria).
Signs and symptoms of diabetes vary from patient to patient.. Although most of them will experience; polyuria (increased urination),increased water intake,fatigue among others.Person suffering from Dm is prone to attacks by other opportunistic infections due to weakened immune system.
To promote quick recovery and avoid complications, several measures can be put in place to counter the increasing sugar levels.Dm is managed according to the blood sugar levels..Different classes of drugs exist like soluble insulin, Biguanides,Sulphoneureas,Arcabose are widely used currently.Finally quiting smoking and alcohol, engaging in physical activities is key to its contol.Any consultation on any medical issue..Call or Whatsapp on 0743834492 or 0706611749. Thank you

07/10/2019

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09/05/2018

For all chronic smokers,, this may be a bit harshy...but smoking contributes to more than 80% of cancer cases in africa.