17/10/2021
adenoids.Adenoids are a mass of soft tissue located where the back of the nose and back of throat meet. They are also called pharyngeal tonsils. Adenoids help the body prevent or fight infections by trapping germs. Infections cause the adenoids enlarge. The adenoids can stay enlarged even after the infection has cleared. At the beginning there may be no complaints but as the adenoids enlarge there can be mouth breathing, problems sleeping, nasal blockage, snoring, runny nose, cough, nose bleeding ,swallowing difficulties and smelly breath.
Rhinitis.Infection, irritants or allergies can cause the soft tissue lining the nasal passages to swell. This may cause a child to have a stuffy nose, runny nose ,sneezing, mucus in the throat (also called post nasal drip) and cough. Those affected by allergies may have additional problems like itchy, watery eyes; dry, itchy skin; a sore or scratchy throat. Symptoms may be constant or only last a short time.
Nasal polyps.These are growths within the nose or sinuses. They are soft and not usually painful. When they become many or large they block the nasal passages and may cause trouble breathing through the nose, loss of smell, altered taste, a scratchy throat and a runny nose. It is not fully understand why some people develop polyps. Those with conditions like asthma, cystic fibrosis, allergy to airbone fungi and sensitivity to aspirin are more likely to develop polyps.
Pyriform aperture stenosis (PAS).This is a rare problem that a baby can be born with. It causes obstruction of the nasal passages because of an overgrowth in the bone of the upper jaw. It’s cause is not known. It can cause significant breathing and feeding difficulties.
Nasal tumours
