Med G

06/03/2026

06/03/2026

Which artery is most commonly involved in myocardial infarction?

A. Right coronary artery
B. Left anterior descending artery
C. Circumflex artery
D. Left main artery

06/03/2026

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are common, often harmless, extra heartbeats originating in the ventricles, disrupting the heart's rhythm and causing feelings of a "skipped beat" or palpitations.

04/03/2026

04/03/2026

A 45-year-old woman presents with gradually progressive facial discoloration and swelling over the past year. She denies pain but reports nasal congestion and mild shortness of breath.

On examination, there are violaceous, soft, indurated plaques over the cheeks and nose, with diffuse enlargement of the nasal tip, as seen in the image. The lesions are non-ulcerative and persistent.

Chest X-ray reveals bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy.

❓ Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Systemic lupus erythematosus
B. Rosacea
C. Sarcoidosis (lupus pernio)
D. Dermatomyositis

04/03/2026

Pathophysiology of Bowel obstruction

04/03/2026

Left-sided Vs Right-sided Heart Failure

04/03/2026

Primary skin lesions are the initial, direct result of a disease process or pathological condition appearing on previously healthy skin. They are classified by appearance, size, and content—flat (macule), raised (papule, plaque, nodule), fluid-filled (vesicle, bulla, pustule), or vascular (wheal)—and are crucial for diagnosing conditions like eczema, acne, or infections.

03/03/2026

may be needed to do the kidney’s job—filtering toxins, removing extra fluid, and keeping electrolytes stable.

03/03/2026

A 12-year-old boy is brought to clinic for chronic dry skin since early childhood. His mother reports that his skin is rough and scaly, especially during the winter months. He also has a history of atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis.

On examination, the upper arms and shoulders show fine white scaling with small follicular keratotic papules, giving a “sandpaper-like” texture. There are also mild hypopigmented patches on the extensor surfaces. The flexural areas are relatively spared.

❓ Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Psoriasis
B. Tinea versicolor
C. Ichthyosis vulgaris (with keratosis pilaris)
D. Vitiligo

03/03/2026

lesions (dermoscopy)

👉Benign patterns
• Blue nevus: Homogeneous “steel-blue” / blue pigmentation.
• Common benign nevus: Regular, symmetric pigment network (often a neat reticular pattern).
• Benign nevus (globular/cobblestone): Evenly distributed globules creating a cobblestone look.
• Other benign-looking symmetric patterns can include: homogeneous brown/blue, two-component but symmetric, structureless tan/pink, tiered globules, or starburst (when symmetric).

👉Malignant pattern (Melanoma)
• Typically asymmetric and disorganized.
• Key dermoscopic clues: atypical or absent (negative) pigment network, atypical streaks (pseudopods/radial streaming), off-center blotch, atypical dots/globules, regression areas, blue-gray veil, atypical vessels, and crystalline (shiny white) structures, sometimes with peripheral tan-brown structureless zones.

03/03/2026

Major malignant GI tumors

👉Esophagus
• SCC: dysphagia + weight loss → biopsy/stage → chemoRT ± surgery.
• Adenocarcinoma (Barrett): distal dysphagia/GERD → biopsy/stage → endoscopic tx if early; chemoRT/chemo + surgery if advanced.
👉Stomach
• Adenocarcinoma: vague → pain, early satiety, anemia → endoscopy/biopsy → gastrectomy + peri-op chemo/chemoRT.
• GIST: bleeding/mass → surgery; imatinib if high-risk/advanced.
• Leiomyosarcoma: rare smooth muscle tumor → mainly wide surgical resection.
👉Small intestine
• Adenocarcinoma: obstruction/bleeding → surgical resection ± chemo.
• GIST: bleeding/mass → surgery ± imatinib.
• Leiomyosarcoma: rare → surgery.
• Carcinoid (NET): often silent; flushing/diarrhea if metastatic → surgery; octreotide/lanreotide ± other metastatic therapies.
👉Large intestine
• Colore**al adenocarcinoma: change in bowel habits/bleeding/anemia → colonoscopy → resection ± chemo (± chemoRT for re**al).
• Lymphoma: B symptoms/mass/bleeding → biopsy → systemic chemo (surgery mainly for complications).
👉Anus
• A**l SCC / Cloacogenic: bleeding/pain/mass → chemoradiation (main).
• Anore**al melanoma: bleeding/mass → surgery + immunotherapy/targeted therapy.