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Med G

a Medical doctor who graduated in 2018. Now, I am pursuing my studies in Japan and sharing medical education.I hope you like my page. Contact: medgpage@gmail.com
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I am a clinical and public health doctor. Disclaimer:
The information provided is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Do not self-medicate or use any prescription drugs without proper evaluation and prescription by a licensed healthcare professional. Always consult your physician or qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication or treatment plan.

24/08/2025

A 68-year-old man presents with progressive hearing loss and bone pain in his legs. Examination reveals an enlarged skull and bowing of the tibia. X-ray of the pelvis shows a mixed pattern of osteolytic and osteosclerotic lesions. Serum alkaline phosphatase is markedly elevated, but calcium and phosphate levels are normal.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

24/08/2025

A 56-year-old female presents with porcelain-white atrophic areas with telangiectases over the medial malleolus. A biopsy is performed and the findings are illustrated below. Which of the following diagnoses is CORRECT?

24/08/2025

Based on the information given, what is your diagnosis?

24/08/2025

Wrist and hand joints—posterior surface anatomy

24/08/2025

Anemia is a problem of not having enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to all other organs in the body. Having anemia can cause tiredness, weakness and shortness of breath.

24/08/2025

The mechanisms of biliary obstruction

🔹 Types of Obstruction

1. Complete Obstruction
• Extrinsic cancer fixing and compressing duct: Tumor outside the bile duct presses and blocks it.
• Intrinsic cancer: Tumor grows within the duct, narrowing the lumen.
• Impacted stone with edema: Gallstone lodges in the duct, with surrounding inflammation and swelling causing total blockage.

2. Incomplete Obstruction
• Ball-valve stone: Stone intermittently blocks bile flow (can move).
• Stricture: Narrowing of the duct due to scarring or chronic inflammation, allowing only partial bile flow.

🔹 Consequences
• Common duct obstruction → Jaundice: Bile cannot drain into the intestine, bilirubin backs up, leading to yellowing of skin and eyes.
• Terminal cystic duct obstruction → Hydrops & jaundice: The gallbladder enlarges (hydrops) due to trapped secretions, and jaundice may develop.
• Key point: Obstructive jaundice develops only if the blockage occurs in the dark-marked area near the distal common bile duct (before it joins the duodenum).

24/08/2025

A 70-year-old man presents with multiple rough, scaly patches on his bald scalp. He reports chronic sun exposure due to outdoor work. On exam, the lesions are erythematous with a sandpaper-like texture.
What is the most likely diagnosis?

24/08/2025

Some breast disorders

A number of conditions affect the breasts, including disorders of breast development (e.g., congenital anomalies, breast hypertrophy), fibrocystic breast changes, inflammatory conditions (e.g., mastitis, mammary ductal ectasia), benign neoplasms (e.g., fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor), breast cancer, and breast cysts. Mastalgia is a common symptom that is often caused by an underlying benign etiology.

24/08/2025

:
👉Lung Anatomy,
👉Histology,
👉and Function

24/08/2025

🌟 Gastritis – High-Yield Overview

🧾 Definition

🔹 Gastritis = inflammation of the gastric mucosa (biopsy proven, not just “redness” on endoscopy).

🔬 Types & Pathophysiology

🟥 Acute Gastritis
• 🚨 Neutrophilic infiltration + edema + hyperemia.
• 🧪 Causes: H. pylori, NSAIDs, alcohol, severe stress.
• ⚡ Can cause erosions, bleeding.

🟦 Chronic Gastritis
• 🧩 Lymphocytes + plasma cells → persistent inflammation.
• 🟡 Type A (Autoimmune)
• Targets parietal cells.
• Leads to achlorhydria, ↓ intrinsic factor → pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency).
• 🟢 Type B (H. pylori-related)
• Begins in antrum → spreads to pangastritis.
• Progression 🔄: Inflammation → Atrophy → Intestinal metaplasia → Dysplasia → Carcinoma.

👩‍⚕️ Clinical Features

💤 Often silent or nonspecific.
🤢 Acute: epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, hematemesis/melena.
🩸 Chronic autoimmune: anemia (fatigue, glossitis, neuropathy).
⚠️ Complications:
• Peptic ulcers
• GI bleeding
• Gastric adenocarcinoma
• Gastric MALT lymphoma

🔍 Investigations

🔬 Biopsy = Gold standard.
📸 Endoscopy: mucosal redness ≠ gastritis.
🧪 H. pylori testing: urea breath, stool antigen, biopsy urease.
🧬 Autoimmune markers: anti-parietal cell, anti–intrinsic factor Abs.
📅 Surveillance: Endoscopy every 3 yrs if atrophic gastritis + intestinal metaplasia.

💊 Management

🟥 Acute Gastritis
• 🚫 Stop NSAIDs/alcohol.
• 💊 PPIs or H2 blockers.
• 🛡️ ICU/stress prophylaxis: PPIs > H2 blockers.

🟦 Chronic Gastritis
• 🦠 H. pylori: Eradication therapy (PPI + antibiotics).
• 🧃 Autoimmune: lifelong parenteral B12.
• 🔎 Surveillance for cancer if atrophy/metaplasia.

🟩 MALT lymphoma
• 🌟 Eradicate H. pylori → often remission.
• 📌 Resistant cases → oncology therapy.

⚠️ Common Pitfalls

❌ Calling endoscopic erythema “gastritis” without biopsy.
❌ Assuming dyspepsia = gastritis.
❌ Forgetting H. pylori eradication.
❌ Missing lifelong B12 therapy in autoimmune gastritis.
❌ Ignoring cancer risk in chronic atrophic gastritis.

: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd Edition

23/08/2025

An otherwise healthy adult patient presents with intense pruritus and numerous excoriations in the interdigital webs, sides of fingers, volar aspects of the wrists and lateral palms, elbows, axillae, sc***um, and genitalia. The head and neck are spared. Closer inspection of the fingers reveals areas with thin, thread-like, linear scale that end in a tiny fluid filled vesicle. After rubbing a black felt-tip marker across an affected area and wiping away the ink with an alcohol pad, the structures appear darker than the surrounding skin. A biopsy is performed and the findings are illustrated below. The dermis contains scattered lymphocytes and eosinophils. Which of the following is the CORRECT diagnosis?

23/08/2025

A 45-year-old man develops fever, malaise, and painful skin lesions 5 days after starting an anticonvulsant. Examination shows diffuse erythema, skin detachment involving >30% body surface area, and mucosal erosions. Nikolsky’s sign is positive.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

住所

Hiroshima, Hiroshima