Elitepath Laboratory

19/08/2025

UTI

05/08/2025

Uterus removal (called a hysterectomy) is a surgical procedure where all or part of the uterus is removed. It may be done for several medical reasons, including uterine fibroids, cancer, endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, or heavy bleeding.

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TYPES OF HYSTERECTOMY

1. Total hysterectomy – removes the uterus and cervix.

2. Subtotal (partial) hysterectomy – removes the uterus but leaves the cervix.

3. Radical hysterectomy – removes the uterus, cervix, upper va**na, and surrounding tissues (often for cancer).

4. Hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy – removes the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.

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POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS AND COMPLICATIONS

Short-term (Post-Surgery) Side Effects:

Pain and discomfort

Vaginal bleeding or discharge

Fatigue and weakness

Risk of infection

Constipation or urinary issues

Blood clots (rare but serious)

Reaction to anesthesia

Long-term Side Effects:

1. Loss of fertility

A woman can no longer become pregnant after a hysterectomy.

2. Hormonal changes (if ovaries are removed)

Sudden menopause (if premenopausal)

Hot flashes

Night sweats

Vaginal dryness

Mood swings

Decreased libido

3. Pelvic floor weakness

May lead to issues like va**nal prolapse or urinary incontinence in some women.

4. Emotional or psychological impact

Some women feel grief, depression, or a sense of loss—especially if done before natural menopause.

5. Changes in s*xual function

Some women report reduced sensation or desire.

Others report improvement if previous symptoms (pain, bleeding) were affecting s*x life.

6. Weight gain or fatigue

Can occur due to hormonal imbalance or reduced physical activity during recovery.

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RECOVERY

Hospital stay: 1–3 days (depends on surgical method).

Full recovery: 6–8 weeks (may be less with minimally invasive surgery).

Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activity during recovery.

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LIFESTYLE AND MANAGEMENT POST-HYSTERECTOMY

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be offered if ovaries are removed.

UTERUS REMOVAL

Pelvic floor exercises (e.g., Kegels) help maintain strength.

Healthy diet and physical activity support overall well-being.

02/08/2025

UTERINE FIBROIDS

🔍 Key Facts About Uterine Fibroids:

Location:

Intramural: Within the muscular wall of the uterus (most common)

Subserosal: On the outer surface of the uterus

Submucosal: Just under the inner lining (endometrium) — can affect fertility or cause heavy bleeding

Pedunculated: Attached by a stalk, inside or outside the uterus

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📊 Who Is at Risk?

Women aged 30–50

African descent (higher risk and more severe symptoms)

Family history of fibroids

Obesity

Early onset of menstruation

Diet high in red meat and low in green vegetables

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⚠️ Signs and Symptoms

Some women have no symptoms, but others may experience:

Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding

Pelvic pain or pressure

Frequent urination

Difficulty emptying the bladder

Constipation

Backache or leg pains

Pain during in*******se

Infertility or miscarriage (in some cases)

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🧪 Diagnosis

Pelvic exam

Ultrasound (transabdominal or transva**nal)

MRI (for mapping fibroids before surgery)

Sonohysterography or hysteroscopy (for better view of submucosal fibroids)

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💊 Treatment Options

Depending on size, symptoms, and desire for future pregnancy:

🩺 Medical Treatment:

Hormonal therapies (e.g., GnRH agonists, oral contraceptives)

Tranexamic acid (for heavy bleeding)

NSAIDs (for pain)

🧑‍⚕️ Surgical and Procedural:

Myomectomy – removal of fibroids (fertility-preserving)

Hysterectomy – removal of uterus (definitive treatment)

Uterine artery embolization (UAE) – cuts off blood supply to fibroids

MRI-guided focused ultrasound (FUS) – noninvasive treatment

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👶🏽 Fertility Considerations

Fibroids, especially submucosal, can interfere with implantation or cause miscarriages.

Myomectomy may improve fertility in some cases.

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🌿 Lifestyle & Home Remedies

Healthy weight management

Low-estrogen diet (more green vegetables, less red meat)

Regular exercise

Vitamin D supplementation (some studies show reduced fibroid growth)

29/07/2025

Congratulations, Mr. Tsepang Ramonti, on your 5 years of dedicated service at Elitepath Laboratory!
Your commitment, hard work, and contribution to the success of our laboratory are deeply appreciated. Here's to many more years of excellence and teamwork!

🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊

17/07/2025

🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊

14/07/2025

13/07/2025

Leukemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by the uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells. These abnormal cells interfere with the production of normal blood cells, affecting the body's ability to fight infections, transport oxygen, and prevent bleeding.

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Types of Leukemia

Leukemia is classified based on how fast it progresses (acute or chronic) and the type of white blood cell affected (lymphoid or myeloid):

1. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) – common in children

2. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) – occurs in both adults and children

3. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) – common in older adults

4. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) – mostly in adults

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General Signs and Symptoms of Leukemia

Symptoms may vary depending on the type and stage but commonly include:

🔴 Blood-Related Symptoms

Anemia symptoms: fatigue, weakness, pale skin

Frequent or unexplained bleeding: nosebleeds, bleeding gums, heavy periods

Easy bruising

Petechiae (small red/purple spots on the skin)

🔬 Infection and Immune System Symptoms

Frequent infections or long-lasting infections

Fever and chills

Night sweats

🧠 Other Symptoms

Bone or joint pain

Swollen lymph nodes (especially in the neck, armpits, or groin)

Swollen or tender spleen or liver

Unexplained weight loss

Loss of appetite

Shortness of breath (especially on exertion)

Headaches or seizures (in severe cases involving the brain or CNS)

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When to See a Doctor

Early symptoms can be mistaken for flu or other illnesses. Persistent or unusual symptoms—especially fatigue, frequent infections, and abnormal bleeding—should be evaluated by a doctor.

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10/07/2025

Four common types of pathogens found in water are bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. These microorganisms can cause various illnesses when ingested or contacted through contaminated water sources.

Waterborne Pathogens

Bacteria – H2O Distributors
Features of pathogens. There are various types of pathogens ...

Waterborne Pathogens

1. Bacteria: Examples include E. coli, Salmonella, Legionella, and Campylobacter. These can cause gastrointestinal illnesses, respiratory infections, and other health problems.

2. Viruses: Viruses like Norovirus, Rotavirus, and Hepatitis A are frequently found in water and can lead to diarrhea, vomiting, and liver inflammation.

3. Protozoa: Giardia and Cryptosporidium are common protozoan parasites that can cause diarrhea, stomach cramps, and other gastrointestinal issues.

4. Fungi: While less common than other pathogens, fungi like Candida and Aspergillus can also be found in water and can cause skin, respiratory, and other infections