
18/07/2023
Structural neuroplasticity and functional neuroplasticity are two components of brain plasticity that work in tandem to support the brain's adaptability.
Structural neuroplasticity involves physical changes in the brain's structure, such as the growth of new neurons (neurogenesis), the formation of new connections between neurons (synaptogenesis), and the rewiring of existing connections (neuronal remodeling). These changes can occur in response to learning, experience, or environmental factors. Structural plasticity plays a vital role in shaping the brain's architecture and can occur over different timescales, from rapid changes observed during early development to more gradual changes throughout adulthood.
Functional neuroplasticity, on the other hand, refers to the brain's ability to adapt its functional organization and activity patterns in response to changes in input or demand. It involves the redistribution of tasks among different brain regions or the compensation for the loss or damage of specific brain areas. For example, if a certain brain region is injured, other areas may take over its functions. Functional plasticity can occur on a relatively faster timescale compared to structural plasticity and is closely tied to changes in neural circuitry and synaptic strength.
In summary, while structural neuroplasticity relates to physical changes in the brain's structure, functional neuroplasticity refers to the brain's capacity to reorganize its functional processes and adapt its activity patterns. Both forms of plasticity are crucial for learning, memory, recovery from injury, and overall brain adaptation throughout life.
Image from: https://biotech.ucdavis.edu/blog/neuroplasticity