29/12/2025
Your word choices might reveal hidden disorders.
Research summarized in ScienceAlert describes how everyday language can reveal underlying personality dysfunction along a spectrum, from milder difficulties to diagnosable personality disorders.
Drawing on computational text analysis of essays, conversations, and online posts, the studies found that people with greater personality dysfunction tend to use more self-focused, urgent phrasing (“I need…”, “I have to…”), more past‑tense and ruminative wording, and more negative – especially angry – emotion terms.
At the same time, they use fewer affiliative words such as “we”, “love”, and “family”, suggesting emotional distance and relational problems.
Online, individuals with personality disorders and frequent self-harm showed particularly negative, constricted language, with more negations (“can’t”), anger and sadness words, swearing, absolutist terms (“always”, “never”), and reduced references to others. Their self-belief statements were more frequent, extreme, and focused on mental health, trauma, and painful relationships, indicating deeper struggles with identity and self-concept.
These findings do not support diagnosing people based solely on their texts or posts, but they highlight how consistent patterns in language can provide early clues that someone may be struggling with emotional regulation, self-image, or relationships. Shifts toward more urgent, inward‑focused, hostile, and absolutist language – especially when combined with reduced social and affiliative wording – can signal emerging distress or darker personality features, such as narcissism or psychopathy. Noticing these patterns over time, rather than reacting to isolated words or jokes, may help people understand others better, offer support when appropriate, and identify potential red flags in everyday interactions both online and offline. Language thus becomes a subtle window into internal experience, long before difficulties are explicitly disclosed.
References (APA style)
Entwistle, C. (2025). People with personality disorders often use language differently – our research reveals how. The Conversation.