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Dr . Sadeeq, Lagos Street, Abuja (2026)

12/06/2024

*MALARIA*
Malaria is a serious and sometimes life-threatening disease caused by a parasite that infects the blood. It's spread through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Symptoms can include:

- Fever
- Chills
- Flu-like symptoms
- Muscle and joint pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Anemia

If left untreated, malaria can lead to severe complications, such as:

- Severe anemia
- Cerebral malaria (infection of the brain)
- Organ failure
- Death

Prevention methods include:

- Using insecticide-treated bed nets
- Wearing protective clothing and applying insect repellent
- Eliminating standing water to prevent mosquito breeding
- Taking antimalarial medication (for travelers or people living in high-risk areas)

Treatment typically involves antimalarial drugs, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for effective management and survival.

12/06/2024

REMEMBER MEDICAL TERMINOLOGIES

*1. 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘦𝘮𝘪𝘢* - 𝘥𝘦𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘩𝘢𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘭𝘰𝘣𝘪𝘯 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘭𝘰𝘰𝘥
*2. 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘨𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘤* - 𝘮𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘴 𝘱𝘢𝘪𝘯
*3. 𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘢𝘭𝘨𝘪𝘢* - 𝘱𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘪𝘯 𝘢 𝘫𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵
*4. 𝘤𝘦𝘱𝘩𝘢𝘭𝘢𝘭𝘨𝘪𝘢* - 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘥𝘢𝘤𝘩𝘦
*5. 𝘯𝘦𝘱𝘩𝘳𝘢𝘭𝘨𝘪𝘢* - 𝘱𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘬𝘪𝘥𝘯𝘦𝘺
*6. 𝘯𝘦𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘭𝘨𝘪𝘢* - 𝘯𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘪𝘯
*7. 𝘮𝘺𝘢𝘭𝘨𝘪𝘢* - 𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘤𝘭𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘪𝘯
*8. 𝘰𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘨𝘪𝘢* - 𝘦𝘢𝘳 𝘢𝘤𝘩𝘦
*9. 𝘨𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘭𝘨𝘪𝘢* - 𝘱𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘢𝘤𝘩
*10. 𝘱𝘺𝘰𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘢* - 𝘴𝘬𝘪𝘯 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘱𝘶𝘴 𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯
*11. 𝘭𝘦𝘶𝘤𝘰𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘢* - 𝘥𝘦𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘴𝘬𝘪𝘯 𝘱𝘪𝘨𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘰𝘯
*12. 𝘩𝘺𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘺𝘯𝘪𝘢* - 𝘱𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘶𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘶𝘴
*13. 𝘩𝘺𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘺* - 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘪𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘶𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘶𝘴
*14. 𝘯𝘦𝘱𝘩𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘺* - 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘪𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘢 𝘬𝘪𝘥𝘯𝘦𝘺
*15. 𝘢𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘺* - 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘪𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘢 𝘨𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘥
*16. 𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘺𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘺* - 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘪𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘨𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘣𝘭𝘢𝘥𝘥𝘦𝘳
*17. 𝘵𝘩𝘺𝘳𝘰𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘺* - 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘪𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘺𝘳𝘰𝘪𝘥 𝘨𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘥
*18. 𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴* - 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘢 𝘫𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵
*19. 𝘣𝘳𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴* - 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘳𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘩𝘪
*20. 𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘥𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴* - 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘵
*21. 𝘤𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴* - 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘪𝘹
*22. 𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴* - 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘯
*23. 𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘱𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴* - 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘷𝘢𝘨𝘪𝘯𝘢
*24. 𝘤𝘺𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴* - 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘳𝘺 𝘣𝘭𝘢𝘥𝘥𝘦𝘳
*25. 𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴* - 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘴
*26. 𝘨𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴* - 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘢𝘤𝘩
*27. 𝘨𝘭𝘰𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴* - 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘶𝘦
*28. 𝘩𝘦𝘱𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴* - 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭

12/06/2024

*CELLS FOUND IN URINE SEGMENT*
*Bacteria*(report only when the urine is freshly
passed): Usually seen as rods, but sometimes coccior streptococci. Bacteriuria is usually
accompanied by pyuria (pus cells in urine).
*Note*: In a urinary infection, protein and nitrite are often
found in the urine.With E. coli infections, the
urine is markedly acid. An alkaline urine is found with
Proteus infections.

*White cells* (pus cells): These are round, 10–15m in diameter, cells that contain granules. In urinary infections they are often
found in clumps In urine sediments.
*Note*: A few pus cells are normally excreted in urine. Pyuria is
usually regarded as significant when moderate or many pus
cells are present, i.e. more than 10 WBC/l. Bacteriuria without pyuria may occur in diabetes,enteric fever, bacterial endocarditis, or when the urine
contains many contaminating organisms.
Pyuria with a sterile routine culture may be found with
renal tuberculosis, gonococcal urethritis, C. trachomatis infection, and leptospirosis, or when a patient with urinaryinfection has been treated with antimicrobials.

*Red cells*: These are smaller and more refractilethan white cells.They have a definiteoutline and contain no granules. When the urine is
isotonic, they have a ringed appearance. They are usually reported as few, moderate
or many in number per high power field.
*Note*: When the urine is hypertonic, i.e. more concentrated
than the fluid inside the red cells, fluid will be drawn out of the
cells and they will appear smaller than normal and oftencrenated (spiky).
When haematuria is due to glomerulonephritis, the redcells often vary in size and shape (dysmorphic).
In sickle cell disease, sickled red cells can sometimes be
seen in the urine.

12/06/2024

Hematocrit (Hct) is the proportion of red blood cells (RBCs) in your blood. It's expressed as a percentage of the total blood volume.

Here's a breakdown of the hematocrit range:

- Normal range:
- Adult males: 40-54%
- Adult females: 37-48%
- Low hematocrit (anemia):
- Mild: 30-36%
- Moderate: 25-29%
- Severe:

04/06/2023

is high blood pressure?

A normal blood pressure reading is less than 120/80 mm Hg. When you have high blood pressure, also known as hypertension, your reading is consistently in a higher range.
High blood pressure treatment typically involves a combination of medication and lifestyle changes to help you manage the condition and prevent or delay related health problems. The goal is to get your blood pressure below the high range.
If normal is less than 120/80 mm Hg, what’s high? When the systolic blood pressure — the top number — is between 120 and 129, and the diastolic blood pressure — the bottom number — is less than 80, this is considered elevated blood pressure.
Elevated blood pressure doesn’t necessarily raise your risk for heart attack or stroke. But without attention, it will often progress to high blood pressure — which definitely does raise your risk. Hypertension (or high blood pressure) is present once the systolic pressure is 130 or higher, or the diastolic pressure is 80 or higher.

Lifestyle changes

A healthy lifestyle is the first line of defense against high blood pressure. Habits that help control blood pressure include:

eating a healthy diet

staying physically active

maintaining a healthy weight

avoiding excessive alcohol consumption

quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke

managing stress

eating less salt

limiting caffeine

monitoring blood pressure at home

getting support from family and friends

19/05/2023

HIV and AIDS and Mental Health

What is HIV?
HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). HIV can be transmitted during s*xual in*******se, by sharing syringes, or during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

HIV weakens the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, a type of white blood cell that is important for fighting off infections. The loss of these cells means that people living with HIV are more vulnerable to other infections and diseases.

Today, effective anti-HIV medications allow people with HIV to lead long, healthy lives. When taken as prescribed, these daily medications, called antiretroviral therapy (ART), can suppress the amount of virus in the blood to a level so low that it is undetectable by standard tests.

Why are people with HIV and AIDS at a higher risk for mental disorders?
The stress associated with living with a serious illness or condition, such as HIV, can affect a person’s mental health. People with HIV have a higher chance of developing mood, anxiety, and cognitive disorders. For example, depression is one of the most common mental health conditions faced by people with HIV.

It is important to remember that mental disorders are treatable. People who have a mental disorder can recover.

HIV and related infections can also affect the brain and the rest of the nervous system. This may change how a person thinks and behaves. Also, some medications used to treat HIV may have side effects that affect a person's mental health.

Situations that can contribute to mental health problems for anyone:

Having trouble getting mental health services
Experiencing a loss of social support, resulting in isolation
Experiencing a loss of employment or worries about being able to perform at work
Dealing with loss, including the loss of relationships or the death of loved ones
In addition, people with HIV include may also experience situations that negatively impact their mental health,

19/05/2023

, , , , , ( , , , , .

Appendix?
The appendix is a 4 inches long finger-shaped pouch present at the junction of the small and large intestine. It is normally present in the lower right abdomen.
The exact function of the appendix is unknown. Some believe it harbors good bacteria, which helps to reboot the digestive system after diarrhea. And some believe it to be a vestigial organ (organs which do not have any apparent function). But surgical removal of the appendix does not cause any noticeable health problem.

Appendicitis:
Inflammation or infection of the appendix is called appendicitis. It is one of the most common causes of abdominal pain. The pain is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The pain becomes worse as the inflammation increases and the appendix ruptures. Anyone can get appendicitis, but it is more common in people between 10 and 30 years of age. It is usually caused either by stomach infection moving to the appendix or when stool gets trapped in the appendix.

Types:
The two types of appendicitis depending on the onset, which are:
1)Acute Appendicitis - It develops very fast within a few days to hours, and requires prompt medical treatment or surgery.
2)Chronic Appendicitis - Here, the inflammation lasts for a long time. It is a rare condition.
Depending on the complications:
1)Simple Appendicitis - Cases with no complications.
2)Complex Appendicitis - Cases that involve complications like appendix rupture or abscess.

Signs and Symptoms:
•)The pain worsens and moves to the lower right side of the abdomen.
•)Pain increases on coughing, walking, and making sudden movements.
•)Painful urination.
•)loss of appetite
•)indigestion
•)nausea
•)vomiting
•)diarrhea
•)constipation
•)abdominal swelling
•)inability to pass gas
•)low-grade fever

Causes:
In many cases, the exact cause of appendicitis is unknown.
Many things can potentially block your appendix,

14/05/2023

SEXUAL HEALTH GONORRHEA Gonorrhea Guide
What Is Gonorrhea?
By Angelica Bottaro Published on March 30, 2023
Medically reviewed by Lauren Schlanger, MD
Table of Contents
VIEW ALL
Table of Contents
Symptoms
Causes
Timeline for Asymptomatic Gonorrhea
Testing and Diagnosis
Treatment
Gonorrhea is a s*xually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria. It spreads through s*xual fluids during various types of s*xual contact.

Though gonorrhea isn’t always severe, it can become severe if left untreated. Gonorrhea that goes without treatment can lead to irreversible health conditions in both males and females, including infertility.

This article discusses the symptoms, causes, and available treatments for gonorrhea.

Person taking a pill
Kinga Krzeminska / Getty Images

Gonorrhea Symptoms
Gonorrhea is asymptomatic in some people, meaning it occurs without symptoms. Typically, females are more likely to experience no symptoms than males.

If a person contracts the bacterial infection and does develop symptoms, some of the most common include:1

Painful urination
Abnormal discharge
Pain in the affected area
The symptoms differ depending on s*x and what area of the body they affect.

Symptoms in People With Uteruses
People with uteruses are less likely to experience gonorrhea symptoms than men. Along with the symptoms mentioned above, others can include the following:1

Ge***al pain before, during, or after s*x
Bleeding between periods
Pain in the lower part of the abdomen
Vaginal discharge
Symptoms in People with Pen*ses
People with pen*ses experience gonorrhea symptoms more often than women. When they do, clinical features of the infection can include:1

Discharge from the urethra
Itching in the ge***al area
Pain in the testicles
What Is “Super Gonorrhea”?
Super gonorrhea is the term assigned to gonorrhea that is resistant to treatment. This type of gonorrhea can be treated using antibiotics, but the medication doesn’t always work, and the infection persists.

14/05/2023

*PERMANENT CURE FOR TYPHOID FEVER*

What is typhoid fever?
Typhoid fever is a serious bacterial infection that easily spreads through contaminated water and food. Along with high fever, it can cause abdominal pains, headache, and loss of appetite.

Typhoid fever may also be referred to as typhoid.
With treatment, most people make a full recovery. But untreated typhoid can lead to *life threatening complications*
Symptoms of typhoid
It can take a week or two after infection for symptoms to appear. Some of these *symptoms are* :
high fever,weakness,stomach pain,headache,poor appetite,rash,fatigue
confusion,constipation and diarrhea.
*Serious complications* are rare but can include *intestinal bleeding or perforations in the intestine.*
This can lead to a life *threatening bloodstream infection (sepsis).**
This can result in *death*
The *main method of transmitting S. typhi* is the oral-fecal route, generally spreading in contaminated water or food. It can also be passed through direct contact with a person who has a typhoid infection.
To cure typhoid, you will need powerful drug because this organisms can easily develop resistance (meaning the drugs can't kill it again) when abused antibiotics
This account for the reason why most people are still living with typhoid as if it is chronic disease.

14/05/2023

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. Typhoid fever is rare in industrialized countries. However, it remains a serious health threat in the developing world, especially for children.

Typhoid fever spreads through contaminated food and water or through close contact with someone who's infected. Signs and symptoms usually include high fever, headache, abdominal pain, and either constipation or diarrhea.

When treated with antibiotics, most people with typhoid fever feel better within a few days, although a small percentage of them may die of complications.

Vaccines against typhoid fever are available, but they're only partially effective. Vaccines usually are reserved for those who may be exposed to the disease or are traveling to areas where typhoid fever is common.

SYMPTOMS

Although children with typhoid fever sometimes become sick suddenly, signs and symptoms are more likely to develop gradually — often appearing one to three weeks after exposure to the disease.

1st week of illness

Once signs and symptoms do appear, you're likely to experience:

Fever, that starts low and increases daily, often to as high as 103 or 104 F (39.4 or 40 C)

Headache

Weakness and fatigue

Dry cough

Loss of appetite

Abdominal pain

Diarrhea or constipation

Rash

2nd week of illness

If you don't receive treatment for typhoid fever, you may enter a second stage during which you become very ill and experience:

Continuing high fever

Either diarrhea or severe constipation

Considerable weight loss

Extremely distended abdomen

3rd week of illness

By the third week, you may:

Become delirious

Lie motionless and exhausted with your eyes half-closed in what's known as the typhoid state.

Herbal treatment recipe,
Lemon grass
Mango leave and bark
Ginger, garlic
Clove, paw-paw leave,
Neem leave.

Boil together and drink morning and night.
*PERMANENT CURE FOR TYPHOID FEVER*
*PERMANENT CURE FOR TYPHOID FEVER*

14/05/2023

Let’s talk about malaria!

MALARIA is a disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes.
It is spread through the bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito.

Malaria parasites
-Plasmodium falciparum
-Plasmodium vivax
-Plasmodium malariae
-Plasmodium ovale
-Plasmodium knowlesi

Signs and symptoms
1. High temperature, sweat, chills
2. Headaches
3. Feeling very tired and sleepy
4. Feeling and being sick, tummy pain, diarrhea
5. Loss of appetite
6. Muscle and joints pain
7. Yellow skin, white eyes
8. Sore throat, cough, difficulty breathing

Treatment
- Atovaquone
- Quinine
- Primaquine

Stages of malaria
1. Goes to the liver cells
2. Enters blood cells
3. Forms gametes transmitted to mosquito

Malaria can cause death and it affects mostly pregnant women and children

The affected organ is the Liver

How it can be prevented
1. Apply mosquito repellent to exposed skin
2. Use of mosquito nets
3. Close doors and windows when places are getting dark or about to rain
4. Avoid drying dresses on grass
5. Avoid breeding spaces

Malaria test examination
- Malaria test kit
- Giemsa staining ( viewed using a microscope)

Symptoms appear between 7 and 18 days after you have been bitten by an infected female anopheles mosquito.

Complications of Malaria
1. Liver failure and jaundice
2. Shock
3. Pulmonary Oedema
4. Acute pulmonary distress syndrome
5. Low blood sugar
6. Kidney failure
7. Swelling and rupture of the spleen

It is important for everyone to be aware about this disease. We need to educate everyone because it is one of the deadliest diseases if left untreated
Health campaigns are necessary
Let's help fight and protect ourselves from this deadly disease.

Dr . Sadeeq

12/06/2024

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