13/12/2025
Most high-income countries (HICs) have adopted precision medicine and targeted therapies, thereby increasing personalised care and treatment; however, in most low-income countries (LMICs), oncology diagnosis and treatment remain one-size-fits-all. Despite the potential of targeted therapies, access remains a significant challenge in most of the LMICs, including Nigeria. Barriers include limited availability of diagnostic technologies, restricted access to targeted therapies, inadequate funding, and insufficient infrastructure.
For example, pertuzumab, a HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody for breast cancer, was not available in Nigeria until five years after its introduction in the United States and Europe. Similarly, pembrolizumab was approved in the United States in 2016, but as of 2021, it was still not readily available in Nigeria. These challenges perpetuate inequities in cancer care, leading to poor patient outcomes, ethical dilemmas for clinicians, strain on health systems, and severe financial hardship for patients and families.
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