30/01/2025
*VA**NAL AGENESIS*
*✓ Va**nal agenesis is a rare conge***al disorder where the va**na fails to develop properly due to incomplete Müllerian duct formation. This condition is often associated with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome and can have significant reproductive and psychological implications.*
✓♦. *EMBRYOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY*
♦ *Normal Development of the Female Reproductive Tract*
✓ ```The female reproductive tract (uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper two-thirds of the va**na) develops from the Müllerian (paramesonephric) ducts.```
✓ ```The lower one-third of the va**na forms from the uroge***al sinus.```
✓ ```Around the 6th–8th week of gestation, these structures start developing. By the 20th week, the va**na is usually fully formed.```
*✓♦Pathogenesis of Va**nal Agenesis*
✓ _Failure of the Müllerian ducts to develop or fuse properly leads to va**nal agenesis._
✓ _The uterus may also be absent, hypoplastic, or nonfunctional._
✓ _Ovarian development is normal, as it originates from the gonadal ridge, which is not affected in va**nal agenesis._
✓♦. *CLINICAL PRESENTATION*
```Va**nal agenesis typically presents in adolescent girls and is often diagnosed when a patient fails to start menstruation (primary amenorrhea). Common symptoms include:```
1. ```Primary Amenorrhea``` – Lack of menstruation despite normal secondary s*xual characteristics.
2. ```Normal Breast Development & P***c Hair``` – Due to normal ovarian function and estrogen production.
3. ```Absent or Shortened Va**na``` – Difficulty with s*xual in*******se or inability to insert tampons.
4. ```Pelvic Pain``` – If a rudimentary uterus is present with endometrial tissue (causing hematometra).
5. ```Infertility``` – Due to the absence of a functional uterus.
✓♦. *ASSOCIATED SYNDROMES*
*♦Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome (Type 1 & 2)*
_The most common cause of va**nal agenesis._ follow for more