06/01/2025
WATER INTOXICATION: THE HIDDEN DANGER OF DRINKING TOO MUCH
We all know that staying hydrated is very important, especially during the dry season, but did you know that excessive water consumption can be bad for you, or even cause something as fatal as brain damage?
WHAT IS WATER INTOXICATION?
Water intoxication, or hyponatremia(low blood-sodium levels), occurs when water dilutes sodium(an electrolyte in your body) levels in the blood.
Electrolytes are essential minerals that regulate various bodily functions, and one of the main electrolytes in the body is Sodium.
Sodium is responsible for maintaining fluid balance in the body. So if you do not have enough sodium, and you're consuming too much water, then your body will be left with a huge amount of water and no way to take care of it.
RISK FACTORS
What are some of the things that predispose one to water intoxication? Here are some risk factors:
1. Endurance sports: These are sports that require prolonged physical activity, sustaining efforts over extended periods of time. These types of sports cause dehydration and a loss of electrolytes. Drinking just water would not adequately replace lost electrolytes. Inadequate electrolyte replacement during marathons, triathlons, or ultra-endurance events can lead to water intoxication.
2. Compulsive water drinking disorder (Psychogenic polydipsia): A rare psychiatric disorder characterised by excessive water consumption which could be caused by psychological factors like anxiety, schizophrenia, or depression.
3. Medical conditions: Heart, liver, or kidney disease; SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion)
4. Drinking excessive water: Consuming >1 liter/hour
SYMPTOMS OF WATER INTOXICATION
Water intoxication could either be mild to moderate or severe.
The symptoms of mild to moderate water intoxication include:
1. Nausea and vomiting
2. Headache
3. Fatigue
4. Muscle weakness
5. Dizziness
6. Confusion
7. Seizures (rarely)
8. Bloating
9. Abdominal discomfort
10. Diarrhea
In severe cases, the following symptoms may be present:
1. Respiratory distress
2. Difficulty breathing
3. Chest pain
4. Rapid heartbeat
5. Coma
6. Brain swelling (cerebral edema)
7. Cardiac arrest
8. Hypothermia
9. Seizures
10. Loss of consciousness
PREVENTION
1. Drink water in moderation (8-10 cups/day)
2. Balance water intake with electrolyte-rich foods/drinks. Some examples of electrolyte rich foods include; Bananas, Avocados, Tomatoes, Sweet potatoes, Nuts, Fish, Meat, Carrots, Spinach or other leafy green vegetables, Milk, Coconut water or other Electrolyte enhanced drinks etc.
3. Monitor urine output (pale yellow)
4. Avoid excessive water consumption during endurance sports
5. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist
WHEN TO SEEK MEDICAL HELP
1. Severe headache
2. Vomiting blood
3. Seizures
4. Confusion
5. Difficulty breathing
6. Chest pain
Hopefully this was helpful.
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Link to image:
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