07/02/2025
WHAT IS BREAST CANCER
Cancer is a disease of the cells, which are the bodyโs basic building blocks. The body constantly makes new cells to help us grow, replace worn-out tissue and heal injuries. Normally, cells multiply and die in an orderly way. Sometimes cells donโt grow, divide and die in the usual way. This may cause blood or lymph fluid in the body to become abnormal, or form a lump called a tumour. A tumour can be benign or malignant.
Benign tumour โ Cells are confined to one area and are not able to spread to other parts of the body. This is not cancer.
Malignant tumour โ This is made up of cancerous cells, which have the ability to spread by travelling through the bloodstream or lymphatic system (lymph fluid). The cancer that first develops in a tissue or organ is called the primary cancer. A malignant tumour is usually named after the organ or type of cell affected.
A malignant tumour that has not spread to other parts of the body is called localised cancer. A tumour may invade deeper into surrounding tissue and can grow its own blood vessels (angiogenesis).
If cancerous cells grow and form another tumour at a new site, it is called a secondary cancer or metastasis. A metastasis keeps the name of the original cancer. For example, breast cancer that has spread to the bones is called metastatic breast cancer, even though the person may be experiencing symptoms caused by problems in the bones.
What is breast cancer?
A. Breast cancer occurs when the cells lining the breast lobules or ducts grow abnormally and out of control. A tumourcan form in the lobules or ducts of the breast. Women and men can both get breast cancer, although it is rare in men.
Types of Breast Cancer
There are several types of breast cancer, which is dependent on how you are accessing breast cancer. For example with regard to stages, you can have
Non-invasive Breast Cancer: Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) โ Abnormal cells are contained within the ducts of the breast and
Invasive Breast Cancer: At this stage the cancer has spread from the ducts or lobules into surrounding breast tissue. It may also have spread to lymph nodes in the armpit. Most breast cancers are found when they are invasive. The most common types are invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Locally advanced breast cancer โ The cancer has spread to other areas near the breast, such as the chest (including the skin, muscles and bones of the chest).
CAUSES OF BREAST CANCER
Several factors have been scientifically linked to breast cancer in particular and other forms of cancer in general. Such factors can also be called the risk factors of breast cancer. They include but not limited to the following.
1.Aging: Risk of developing breast cancer increases as one gets older especially after menopause.
2Genetic Factor: About 5-10% of breast cancer is cases investigated are thought to be hereditary, meaning that they results from gene defects (called mutation) inherited from a parents, with BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes as the most common.
3.Race: Evidence through statistics has shown that white women are slightly more likely to develop breast cancer than are African-American women.
4.Dense Breast Tissue: This is when one has more glandular and fibrous tissues and less fatty tissues in the breast.
5.Menstrual Period: Women who have had more cycle have a slight higher risk of breast cancer.
6.Birth Control: The use of oral contraceptive (birth control pills) in birth control has been indicated as having a tendency to increase one chances of hhaving cancer.
7.Drinking of Alcohol
8.Being Overweight or Obese
9Poor diet intake
10.Chemicals in the environment
11. To***co Smoke
12.Induced Abortion
13.Breast Implant, etc.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF BREAST CANCER
Some people have no symptoms but if you do, you may notice a change in your breast or your doctor may find an unusual breast change during a physical examination.
Signs to look for include:
1.A lump, lumpiness or thickening
2Changes to the ni**le, such as a change in shape, crusting, a sore or an ulcer, redness, unusual discharge, or a ni**lethat turns in (inverted) when it used to stick out
3.Changes to the skin of the breast, such as dimpling, unusual redness or other colour changes
4.An increase or decrease in the size of the breast
5.A change to the shape of the breast
6.Swelling or discomfort in the armpit
7.Persistent, unusual pain that is not related to your normal monthly menstrual cycle, remains after a period and occurs in one breast only.
Please note, that breast changes donโt necessarily mean you have cancer. However, if you have any symptoms, havethem checked by your doctor without delay. Some women have no symptoms and the breast cancer is found on a screening mammogram.
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