https://www.facebook.com/106458939193977/

Dr Usman Azare, Gombe Road, Azare (2025)

13/10/2023

Rubutun Dr Abdulazizi T Bako

Shafi Mu Lera: Ya abin ya ke a kimiyyance?

Abdulaziz T. Bako, MBBS, MPH, PhD.

An shafe shekaru ana azabtar da mutanen da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba bisa zargin cewa sun sacewa wani yayan maraina ko al'aurar wani namiji ta hanyar siddabaru ko tsafi.

A kan irin wannan zargi maras tushe an kashe mutane masu yawa, an kuma jikkata mutane da dama. Tarihi ya nuna cewa wannan dabi'a an fara ta ne a Najeriya a shekarun 1970s sannan ta yadu a kusan dukkanin sassan kasashen Afirka.

A garuruwan Asia akwai kwatankwacin irin wannan dabi'ar wacce su ke kira 'Koro,' duk da cewa lokaci zuwa lokaci a kan dan samu barkewar cutar kasashen yamma jefi-jefi. Cutar Koro k**ar annoba ce da ta ke sanya wasu sassa na mutane su hakikance cewa tabbas al'aurarsu tana motsewa tana komawa cikin jikinsu, kuma su rika ji cewa idan ba'a yi komai ba al'aurar zata bace bat ta shige cikin jikinsu.

A lokuta da dama mutum daya ne ya ke fara cewa ya ga al'aurarsa tana motsewa, kwatsam kawai sai sauran mutane su ma su ga cewa su ma fa al'aurarsu ta fara motsewa. Irin wannan abu galibi matsala ce ta kwakwalwa (psychological problem) da kan addabi al'umma a lokaci guda wacce a je kira da "mass hysteria."

Sai dai Bambancin "Koro" da shafi mu lera shine cewa su masu Koro galibi ba wani suke zargin cewa ya yi musu asiri ba ballantana su k**a wani wanda bai ji ba bai gani ba da duka. Sannan kuma cutar Koro ba ta ta'allaqa da maza zallaba. Mata ma suna yi. Sai dai da ya ke maganar shafi mu lera muke yi ba zan tsawaita jawabi a kan cutar Koro ba.

Da yawa daga cikin masu zargin cewa an yi musu shafi mu lera su kan ce sun hadu da wani mutum sun gaisa da shi. Sai kuma daga gaisawar s**a ji wani abu ya yi musu yar a jikinsu k**ar shocking. Daga nan kuma sai s**a duba yayan marainansu sai s**a ji babu su.

Daga nan kuma kawai sai su kwarma ihu. Idan mutumin da suke zargi yana kusa su k**a shi a yi ta duka. Idan azaba ta yi azaba sai wanda ake zargin ya yadda cewa ya aikata. Amma zai dawo wa mutum da abinsa bayan wani lokaci. Idan kuwa a ka jirayi lokacin sai a ga ya dawo din. Shikenan sai mutane su gaskata cewa tabbas satar yayan marainan a ka yi.

Kafin na yi bayani a kan yadda wannan abu ya ke faruwa a kimiyyance ya k**ata na yi takaitaccen bayani a kan yadda yayan marainan dan Adam suke samuwa tun yana ciki. Su dai yayan marainan dan Adam farko suna samuwa ne a can saman cikin dan Adam. Daga baya suke sakkowa su yo kasa su zauna a cikin jakar yayan maraina (sc***um) kusa kusa da lokacin da zaa haifi mutum. Shi ya sa wasu yaran idan aka samu matsala a kan haife su da yayan marainan su a ciki ba su sakko kasa ba (undescended te**es).

A yayin da yayn maraina suke sakkowa daga ciki zuwa jakar yayan maraina, akwai abubuwa da yawa da suke biyo su ko don basu kariya ko kuma don wasu dalilai. A cikin wadannan abubuwa akawai wani nama da ake kira da suna Cremaster Muscle.

Kafin mu fadi aikin shi wannan yadin nama na Cremaster Muscle yana da kyau mu gane cewa su yayan maraina ba sa son zafi ya yi yawa ko sanyi ya yi yawa, domin kuwa aikin hada maniyyin dan Adam da a ke yi a cikin yayan maraina (spermatogenesis) ba zai yiwu ba idan zafi ko sanyi ya yi yawa.

Saboda haka sai Allah cikin ikonsa ya halicci shi wannan cremaster muscle din tare da sauran wasu abubuwa k**ar Dartos muscle da su ke tabbatar da cewa zafi ko sanyi bai yi wa yayan maraina yawa ba.

Idan zafi ya yi yawa cremaster muscle ya kan saki jikinsa sai yayan maraina su sakko kasa su sha iska. Idan kuma sanyi ya yi yawa sai cremaster muscle ya motse ya ja yayan maraina sama kusa da cikin dan Adam wanda zai zamewa yayan marainan k**ar heater. Wannan dalilin ne ma yasa a ke baiwa maza shawarar su rage saka matsatstsun dan kamfe (panties) saboda kada zafi ya rika yi wa yayan marainansu yawa.

A halittar shi wannan cremaster muscle akwai abinda a ke kira kuma cremaster reflex, wanda ya ke janyowa shi wannan cremaster muscle din ya motse ya ja yayan maraina sama sama ba wai don saboda sanyi ya yi yawa ba. Abubuwan da suke jawo cremaster reflex sun hada da idan aka shafi wurin jijiyar da ta ke baiwa shi cremaster muscle sak'o, ko kuma abubuwa k**ar matsanancin tsoro da sauransu.

A galibin lokuta shi wannan cremaster reflex ba wani can sama ya ke jan yayan maraina ba, amma a kan samu a wasu tsirarun mutane cewa motsewar da cremaster muscle dinsu ya yi yana da karfi sosai (overactive cremaster muscle), wanda wannan karfin motsewar zai iya sanyawa su ji k**ar shocking a jikinsu, kuma ya ja yayan marainan su koma can sama kusa da mafitsarsu (inguinal region) k**ar zasu koma can cikin ciki (ana kiran hakan retractile te**es).

Idan irin hakan ta faru zata iya yiwuwa a nemi yayan marainan a cikin jakarsu a rasa, amma ba wai sace su a ka yi ba. Su na nan a jikin mutum kawai dai sun yi can sama ne ta yadda ba za a iya jinsu a cikin jakar yayan maraina ba. Kana zuwa wurin likita zai nuna maka inda yayan marainanka s**a makale.

Idan an gane bayanin da na yi a sama to sai mu ce abinda ya ke faruwa shi ne mutum ya gaisa da wani da bai sani ba. Kwatsam kawai sai ya ji cewa fa ya yi kuskure don mutumin nan zai iya zama mai shafi mu lera. Kwatsam sai yanayin tsoro ya k**a shi.

Wannan karfin tsoron da ya ji sai ya saka ya ji yar a jikinsa, shima cremaster muscle ya harba ya motse sai ya ji k**ar an yi masa shocking a yayan marainansa sannan ya ja yayan marainansa sama. Daga nan kuma sai ya taba yayan maraina ya ji ko babu su ko kuma k**ar sun motse daga yadda ya san su da. Shi kenan sai a k**a wani da duka. Azaba ta sa ya yadda cewa ya saci yayan marainan, sannan ya yi alkawarin zai dawo da su. Wannan abin zai kwantarwa da wanda ya ke zargin an sace masa kayan nasa shikenan bayan wani dan kankanin lokaci ya dawo hayyacinsa ya ji komai ya dawo normal (saboda hankalinsa ya kwanta, ba wai don wani ya sace masa wani abu ya dawo masa da shi ba).

Haka abin ya ke ga masu zargin an sace musu al'aura wai ta motse. Shi ma yanayin fargaba ne da tsoro ya ke sanyawa jikin dan Adam ya fara fitar da wasu sinadarai. A gurguje, A jikin dan Adam akwai abinda a ke kira sympathetic nervous system (SNS) da parasympathetic nervous system (PSN). Saboda saukakawa mai karatu ya fahimta, shi SNS shi ke harbawa yayin da mutum ya ke cikin halin firgici da sauransu (fight and flight), shi kuma PNS shi ke harbawa a lokacin da mutum ya ke halin hutu da kwanciyar hankali.

Don haka a yayin da mutum ya ke cikin firgicin tsoron cewa an sace masa al'aura ko kuma al'aurarsa ta motse wannan tsoron ba zai bari ya ji cewa al'aurar tana yadda take ba, saboda a lokacin sympathetic nervous system ne ya ke aiki. Har sai ya samu nutsuwa hankalinsa ya dawo kansa sannan zaa gane cewa babu abinda ya same shi.

A wannan rubutu na saukake (simplifying) abubuwa da yawa saboda na saukakawa masu karatu yadda zasu fahimta. Amma muhallush shahid shine cewa babu wani abu wai shi shafi mu lera. Mu guji azabtar da mutane babu gaira babu sabab saboda wai zargin an sace musu al'aura ko yayan maraina. Duk inda mutum ya yi ihun an sace masa wani abu a yi maza a garzaya da shi asibiti ya ga likita. Babu wanda ya sace masa komai.

22/07/2023

KIWO ABIN ALFAHARIN MU
DARASI NA ƊAYA(01)
DABARUN KIWON SHANU NA ZAMANI GUDA BAKWAI
A wannan muƙala zamu tattauna a taƙaice akan wasu hanyoyi da in muka bisu gaba ɗaya ko wasu daga cikin su zamu haɓaka tsarin kiwon mu na shanu daga na gargajiya zuwa na zamani, duk da cewa yanayin tattalin arziƙin mu a arewa ba zai iya bamu damar aiwatar da waɗannan abubuwa ba amma dai, in muka daure zamu iya aikata wasu daga ciki musamman masu kuɗin mu da suke buɗe manyan gidajen gona a gurare cikin yankin namu na arewa.

1* ZAƘULO ƘWAYOYIN HALITTA DA AKAFI SO A KIWO(DESIRABLE TRAITS)
idan mutum zaiyi aiki da masana su taimaka masa wajen yin abin da ake ƙira da turanci genomic selection wato a zaƙulo wasu ƙwayoyin halitta ko ɗabiu masu matuƙar tasiri a tsarin kiwo k**ar yawan madara, rashin kamuwa da jinya, da kuma sarrafa abinci ya koma nama cikin gaggawa, a kimiyance ana iya zaƙulo waɗanan dabi'u daga ƙwayoyin halittar su daga shanu daban daban a haɗasu a jikin saniya ɗaya kuma duk ta zama tana dasu.
2* SAMAR DA ABINCI GWARGADON BUƘATAR SU
ko wacce saniya akwai irin nau'in abincin da tafi buƙata, yayin da ƙarama tafi buƙatar abinci nau'in protein masu gina jiki misali yafi yawa acikin abincin ta a gefe guda matashiya tafi buƙatar abinci nau'in cabohydrates yafi yawa a nasu, haka mai ciki akwai abinda tafi buƙata, mai shayarwa ma haka, hakanan tsohuwa. Sabo da haka yin aiki tare da likitoci domin su auna bukatar ko wacce dabba na abinci(nutrional requirements) domin abata ainihin abinda take buƙata hakan zai taimaka wajen bunƙasarta da ƙarin ƙoshin lafiyarta.
3* GANO LOKACIN DA IN AKA KUSANCETA ZATA SAMU CIKI( HEAT DETECTION)
yin amfani da dabaru na zamani wajen gano lokacin da kwan macen saniya ko wata dabba zai faɗo wanda indai ya haɗu da ruwan maniyi a wannan lokacin ta ba shakka za a samu ciki yana taimakawa masu kiwo matuƙa gaya a ƙasashen da s**a ci gaba wajen samun saniyar su ta haifi ɗa duk shekara. Dabarun suna da yawa amma kaɗan daga cikin su:
- Sanin ɗabi'ar saniya lokacin data ke buƙatar namiji da lokacin da bata buƙata
- Yin amfani da KAMAR-
- Yin amfani da kemara
- Gwajin sinadarin ɗaukar ciki a cikin jini.
da sauran su- a dukka waƴannan dabarun kana buƙatar likita ko wani masani domin ya ɗaura ka a hanya.
4* YIN AMFANI DA NA'URAR ZAMANI WAJEN TATSAN NONO/MADARA
yin amfani da na'urar zamani wajen tatsar madara zai taimaka maka wajen tatsa da yawa fiye da yanda mutum zai tatsa da hannu kuma a lokaci guda, koda shanun sun kai dubu.Kuma bugu da ƙari hakan zai rage maka kudin da zaka kashe wajen biyan mutane su tatsar maka nonon in shanun suna da yawa.
5* SAMAR DA MUHALLI NA ZAMANI
Samar wa shanunka muhalli na zamani wanda yake ɗauke da gurin shan ruwansu da cin abincin su da ɗaki mai yalwa wanda iska take kadawa a cikin sa ta ko ina kuma take da sauƙin tsavtacewa, yana taimaka musu wajen inganta lafiyar su.
6* YIN AMFANI DA NA'URAR GANO MATSALA(SMART HERD MANAGEMENT)
wannan na'ura da ake manna ta a jikin saniya tana taimakawa wajen gano matsala a jikin saniya duk sanda ta faru k**ar gano jinya, rashin haihuwa, canjin ɗabi'a, matsalar ƙwaƙwalwa da sauran su.
7* ƊUREN CIKI GA SHANU(ARTIFICIAL INSIMINATION)
Wannan dabara ta yin amfani da sinadarai ko magunguna wajen sanya shanu mata su zama zasu iya ɗaukar ciki a lokaci guda da kuma ɗura musu maniyi a lokacin domin su ɗauki cikin a lokaci guda, dabara ce da ƙasahen da s**a ci gaba suke amfani da ita wajen haɓaka kiwon su. maimakon su jira ko wacce sai lokacin data so tayi ciki sun dena barin mazan shanun suna yin jima'i da matan kawai suna zuƙan maniyin bujumi ne irin wanda suke so sannan su sarrafashi su ɗurawa shanu da yawa duk a lokaci guda kuma duk ɗin su haifi bujumi mai irin ɗabiun wancan wanda aka zuƙi maniyin nasa.
AKWAI DABARU DA YAWA DA AKE AMAFANI DASU WAJEN CIMMA WAYANNAN NASARORI AMMA DUJ SUNA BUƘATAR KUƊI DA KULAWAR LIKITA.
Usman Muhammad Hakimi
22 July, 2023.

21/07/2023

LAFIYA JARIN TALAKA
DARASI NA GOMA (10)
CUTAR TETANUS( LOCKJAW)
Mecece tetanus?
cutace wacce ƙwayar hallita ta bakteriya mai suna Clostridium teteni take haddasawa in ta samu shiga cikin jiki mai zurfi ta gurin rauni/ciwo. Cutace mai tsananin hatsari da ka iya kai ga rasa rayi. Ƙwayar cutar tana rayuwa a cikin ƙasa, ƙura da takin gargajiya ko bayan gari. Tana shiga cikin jiki lokacin da mutane ko dabbobi s**ayi hatsari ko wani abu mai tsatsa ko datti ya yankesu/ soke su.
ABUBUWAN DA KE JANYOWA A KAMU DA CUTAR( PREDISPOSING FACTORS)
*s**a da wuƙa ko wani abu mai tsini
*taka ƙusa ko wuƙa mai tsatsa
*Cizo daga wata dabba k**ar kare
*Hatsari da abin hawa
ALAMOMIN CUTAR AJIKIN MUTANE DA DABBOBI
yawan ci alamun suna farawa k**ar sati daƴa bayan an kamu da cutar kuma sun haɗa da:
*sanƙarewar jiki(muscles stiffness)
*ƙamewar baki(lock jaw)
*karkarwar jiki(muscles spasms)
* gagara cin abinci da shan ruwa
*mimmiƙewar ƙafa(extended limbs)
* gagara miƙewa da takawa
* ƙaruwar bugun zuciya da numfashi
* Zazzaɓi
* Rashin son motsi ko hayaniya komin ƙanƙantar ta

YANDA ZA A GANE AN KAMU DA WANNAN CUTA (DIAGONOSIS)
*tarihin jin ciwo
*alamomin da muka lissafa a sama
*gwajin jini
*zaƙulo ƙwayar hallitar a gurin da a kaji rauni(bacterial isolation)

MAGANI
Idan aka ga alamun wannan cuta ko wasu dalilai s**a faru daka iya haddasa wannan cuta to a yi saurin garzayawa da mutumin ko dabbar asibiti domin taran abin kafin ya kai wani matakin da ba za a iya magancewa ba.
Akwai magunguna masu kyau da ake amfani dasu a asibitoci akan wannan cuta.
MATAKAN KARE KAI DAGA KAMUWA DA CUTAR
*Rigakafi- Ga dabbobin da suke cikin hatsari da kuma mutane
* Wanke ciwon da kyau bayan anji rauni da maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta
* Cigaba da wanke ciwon da saka magani akan sa har a warke
*Bada maganin da ake ƙira tetenus anti toxin idan raunin ya shiga cikin jiki sosai
*Tsabtace muhallanmu daga ƙarafa da ƙusosi daka iya raunata mu.
*Tsabtace muhallanmu daga ƙazanta da ƙwatami da datti.

Usman Muhammad Hakimi
21 July, 2023

20/07/2023

LAFIYA JARIN TALAKA
DARASI NA TARA(09)
CUTAR ANTHRAX
MECECE CUTAR ANTHRAX?
Wata cutace wacce ƙwayar bacteriya mai suna Bacillus anthracis take haddasawa wacce take iya k**a mutune da dabbobi.Kuma mutane suna iya kamuwa da ita ta hanyar mu'amala da dabbobin da s**a riga s**a kamu. A yanzu haka da nake wannan rubutun wannan cuta tana ta yaɗuwa acikin mutane a wasu jahohi na arewacin Najeriya wanda har ta kai da ta kashe adadi masu yawa na mutane.
ƘWAYAR CUTAR
Bacillus anthracia tana ƴaɗuwa ta hanyar shaƙar furen ita ƙwayar halittar(spores) wanda yakan iya jimawa sosai acikin muhallanmu. Kuma ita wanna halitta tana samar da wata guba(toxins) acikin jiki wanda yake haifar da illoli masu yawa a cikin jikin
HANYAR KAMUWA DA CUTAR
*Hanyar mu'amala ta kai tsaye: ta hanyar taɓa jikin dabbar da take da cutar, ko kuma namanta
*Hanyar shaƙar furen cutar(spores)
*Hanyar cin naman dabba mai ɗauke da cutar wanda bai dafu sosai ba(undercooked meat)
*Hanyar shigar furen cutar jiki ta gurin da yake akwai ciwo ko rauni.
ALAMOMIN CUTAR
* Ta fata: tana farawa ne k**ar kurji ɗan ƙarami tana girma a hankali tsakiyar sa yana ƴin baƙi bai da zafi ko ciwo. Za a iya samun kaluluwa
* Ta numfashi: tana k**a da mura, da farko tana farawa da zazzaɓi, nauyin jiki da tari. Daganan zata cigaba zuwa sarƙewar numfashi, suma har zuwa mutuwa in ba ayi sauri an tare ta ba.
* Ta ciki: tana saka amai, gudawa, ciwon ciki mai tsanani, zazzaɓi tana iya kashe mai ɗauke da ita
MATAKAN KARIYA
*Rigakafin cutar ga dabbobin masu hatsarin kamuwa da ita k**ar shanu, tumaki da awaki
* Mu'amala da nama ta tsaftatacciyar hanya tare da amfani da matakan kariya a duk lokacin da zakayi mu'amala da naman da bakasan asalinsa ba.
* Duba lafiyar nama kafin amfani dashi(meat inspection)
* Gujewa cin naman da bai dafu sosai ba(undercooked meat)
*Saka ido sosai akan dabbobin mu(surveillance) don kaucewa afkuwar irin wannan cuta mai hatsari
* Matakan kariya a gurin gwaje gwaje(laborotary biosafety measures) don kaucewa yaɗuwar cutar daga ɗakin gwaje gwajen.

BABBAR ALAMAR CUTAR A JIKIN DABBA SHINE FITAR JINI TA DUKKUN ƘOFOFIN JIKINTA
Inka ga haka kayi gaggawar nesantar dabbar, ka kira likitan dabbobi mafi kusa dakai, kai kuma da duk wanda suke kusa da gurin kuyi gaggawar miƙa kanku asibiti domin bincike da ɗaukar mataki na gaba.

Usman Muhammad Hakimi
20 July 2023

19/07/2023

LAFIYA JARIN TALAKA

DARASI NA TAKWAS( 08)

CIWON SUGA (DIABETES)
Wani taron dangi ne na cuttutuka da ake kira metabolic diseases da yake haifar da yawan suga a cikin jinin mutum ko dabba na tsawon lokaci wanda hakan ke haifar da matsaloli masu tarin yawa . Ya na faruwa ne kashi biyu k**ar haka:
1- Sak**akon rashin samar da sinadirin Insulin ishashshe acikin jiki
2- Sak**akon rashin aikin Sinadirin Insulin a jiki duk da akwaishi amma baya aiki.

INSULIN: shine sinadirin da yake narkar da suga a cikin jiki, rashin sa ko rashin aikin sa shi yake sa suga yayi yawa a cikin jini.

ALAMOMIN CIWON
Suga sinadari ne da jiki ke buƙatar shi wajen gudanar da ayyukansa na yau da kullum.
Amma idan yayi yawa yakan iya haifar da matsaloli da yawa k**ar ciwon siga,hawan jini,ciwon zuciya,Shanyewar barin jiki,Rashin haihuwa,karuwar yawan cholesterol ajiki, da dai sauransu.
Idan har kana Jin wadannan alamomi to ba makawa jikinka na fama da hauhawar suga.
1.Yawan Jin yunwa da ƙaruwar nauyin jiki: Idan har kana fama da wannan matsalar zakana jin yunwa akusan Koda yaushe tare da karuwar nauyin jiki da tara teɓa.
2.Yawan kasala da rashin kuzari: Idan har kanajin yawan kasala da rashin kuzari a kusan Koda yaushe,to ka duba cimar ka,aduk lokacin da kake cin abinci masu dauke da sinadarin suga kawai toh ba makawa zaka fuskanci wannan matsalar.
3.Yawan fitsari da yawan shan ruwa: Yawan fitsari na daga cikin alamomin ciwon suga,mutun zaina fitsari ba dare ba Rana. Hak**a yawan jin ishirwa da yawan shan ruwa
4.Rashin warkewar ciwo da wuri:Hauhawar suga a jiki na duƙusar da aikin garkuwar jiki wanda hakan zai janyo rashin warkewar ciwo da wuri.
5.Ƙanƙancewar gaba da rashin gamsar da abokin saduwa:ƙanƙancewar gaba da rashin jin daɗin saduwa da abokin tarayya na daga cikin matsalolin da masu ciwon suga ke fuskanta.
6.Bushewar fata da fitowar ƙuraje: Yaushi,kuraje, gyambon fata nadaga cikin alamomin yawan sinadarin suga ajikii.
7.Rashin daidaiton hawan jini inkana dashi: Idan har kana fama da hawan jini wanda baya jin magani,to kaduba cimarka.Yawan suga ajiki na hana hawan jini ya daidaita Koda kuwa mutun na bin ka'ida na Shan magani
8 Raguwar Nauy: ciwon suga yana kawo raguwar nauyi a jikin mutum

ABIN DA YAKAMATA KAYI?
1- Ganin likita akai akai
2-Cin abinci k**ar sau uku a rana wanda bashi da suga da yawa
3-.Motsa jiki akai akai akallah na minti 30 a kullum Koda yar tafiya ce a kafa.
4.Rage Shan lemon kwalba Dana roba saboda suna ɗauke suga mai yawa na kamfani
5- Ka yawaita cin kayan marmari dana lambu

Usman Muhammad Hakimi
03 October, 2022.

19/07/2023

LAFIYA JARIN TALAKA
DARASI NA BAKWAI (07)

ZAZZAƁIN JIZON SAURO(MALARIA)
ME CECE MALARIA?
Wata cuta ce da take k**a mutane da dabbobi sanadiya cizon sauro wacce ƙwayar cuta ta protozoa mai suna plasmodium take haddasawa. Macen sauro dangin Anopheles ce ke da alhakin yaɗa wannan cuta ta hanyar cizon mai ɗauke da cutar ta ɗauko ƙwayoyin cutar bayan sunbi wasu matakai zasu kasance a bakin wannan sauro yanda da taje cizon wani zata cusa masa ƙwayoyin a cikin jinin sa. Amfi samun cutar a ƙasashe masu zafi k**ar na Afirika saboda saurro baya iya rayuwa a gurare masu tsananin sanyi.
IRE-IREN ƘWAYOYIN CUTAR
-Plasmodium falciparum
-Plasmodium vivax
-Plasmodium ovale
-Plasmodium malariea
-Plasmodium knowlesi(zoonotic)
ALAMOMIN CUTAR
Wannan cuta tana fara nuna alamomi ne kwana 8-25 bayan mutum ya kamu da cutar alamomin sun haɗa da:
- Ciwon kai(headache)
- Zazzaɓi mai tafiya ya dawo(recurrent fever)
- Rawar ɗari(shavering)
-Ciwon gaɓoɓi(joint pain)
- Amai (vomiting)
-canjawar kalar idanu yayi ruwan ɗorawa(jaundice)
-Ciwon wuya,
-ciki wani sa'in da kumburi.
IDAN CUTAR TAYI TSANANI ANA IYA GANIN WAƳANNAN ALAMUN

-Gushewar hankali,(unconscioness)
-Zafin jiki da ya wuce degree 39 yayin da aka auna da ma'aunar zafin jiki
-jijjiga sama da sau biyu a awa 24(Convulsion)
-Doguwar suma(Coma)
-Canja kalar fitsari,
-Raguwar zuwa yin fitsari(oliguria)
-Haki ko wahalar numfashi,(Dyspnea)
-Yaushin fata,
-Karancin ruwa ajiki(Dehydaration)
Da sauran su.

YADDA AKE KAMUWA DA ZAZZABIN CIZON SAURO
Ana kamuwa da zazzabin ne yayin da
-Sauro ya ciji mutun,
-Tahanyar karin jini,
-Daga uwa zuwa danta alokacin da yake ciki(congenital malaria).

WADANDA SUKAFI SAURIN KAMUWA.
-Yara kasa da shekaru biyar da Manya Yan sama da shekaru 65,
Wadanda garkuwar jikinsu tai kasa k**ar masu ciwon hiv,suga,masu ciki da masu ciwon sikla.
ILLAR ZAZZAƁIN CIZON SAURO
Akowace shekara aƙalla sama da mutane million 300 ke kamuwa da zazzaɓin cizon sauro,aduk cututtukan da ake fama da su a duniya zazzaɓin cizon sauro shine nafarko wajen kawo mutuwar yara kananu kasa da shekarawa biyar. Yara sama da 80,000 ke mutuwa a Africa saboda cizon sauro.Hakazalika Sama da 40,000 cikin wanda ke warkewa na fama da matsalolin kwakwalwa. A nigeria kaso 30 cikin 100 da ake kwantarwa a asibiti adalilin zazzabin cizon sauro ne,sannan kuma kaso 60 cikin dari da ke zuwa asibiti Shima duk dalilin wannan zazzabine.

GAGGAWAR ZUWA ASIBITI
Idan yaronka ƙarami dan ƙasada shekar biyar kaga yana zazzaɓ ko wasu daga cikin alamomin can ko kuma mace mai ciki to kayi gaggawar kaisu asibiti saboda yanda wannan cuta take saurin hallakasu. Allah ya bamu lafiya da zaman lafiya.
Usman Muhammad Hakimi
29 September, 2022.

19/07/2023

LAFIYA JARIN TALAKA

DARASI A SHIDA(06)

TARIN FUKA/ TARIN TB (TUBERCULOSIS)

MENENE TARIN FUKA
Wata cuta da ƙwayar halitta ta bacteriya mai suna Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Asalin ta mutane) ko Mycobacterium bovis(wacce ake samu daga shanu)take haddasawa, dama wasu sauran nau'ukanta. Cutace mai yaɗuwa a tsakanin mutane da dabbobi, cutace da take ci a hankali a hankali in ta kai maƙura tana kashe marar lafiyan da ke ɗauke da ita. Huhu take k**awa amma tana iya k**a sauran kayan ciki k**ar su hanta, saifa da sauransu.

HANYOYIN ƳAƊUWAR WANNAN CUTA
1-cutar tana ƴaɗuwa ta hanyar iska idan mai ɗauke da cutar yayi
Tari
Atishawa
Fesar da majina
2- Shan nonon Saniya mai ɗauke da cutar
3- Cin huhun saniya ko wata hanta mai ɗauke da cutar
4- Mu'amala ta kusa da kusa tsakanin dabba mai ɗauke da cutar(closed contact)
5- Cutar HIV/AIDS- masu ɗauke da wannan cuta suna saurin kamuwa da cutar TB

ALAMOMIN WANNAN CUTA
-Tari na inna naha(chronic cough)
-Kaki mai jini(blood tinge sputum)
-Zazzaɓi(fever)
-Zufa/gumi cikin dare(night sweat)
-Ramewa/ƙeƙashewa(weight loss/Emaciation)
-Ciwon ƙirji

ABUWAN DA KE TAIMAKAWA A KAMU DA CUTAR(RISK FACTORS)
-Cunkoso(overcrowding)
-Cutar yunwa(malnutrition)
-cutar Sida(HIV)
-Shan ƙwaya(drug abuse)
-Shan taba/sigari
- Ma'aikatan lafiya masu kula da masu cutar mussaman in basu amfani da matakan kariya
-Ciwon huhu mai tsanani(chronic lung disease)
- Shan giya(alcaholism)
-Ciwon suga(diabetes mellitus)
Da sauransu

MAGANIN WANNAN CUTA
Wannan cutar tana da wahalar magani saboda yanayin halittar bacteriya ɗin yana hana antibayotic(antibiotic) da yawa shiga cikinta ya kasheta. Suma wanda suke kashe ta ana ɗaukan tsawon lokaci wata da wattani ana maganin kafin ta warke.

HANYOYIN RAGE YAƊUWARTA(PREVENTIVE MEASURES)
1 Rigakafi(vaccine)
-2 Wayar da kan mutane (public enlightnent):
- mussamman fulanin mu masu kafa kai a bakin nonon saniya su sha
- kwatar da ake yanka shanu ba tare da kulawar likita ba(veterinarian supervision)
da sauran su.
Usman Muhammad Hakimi
28 September, 2022.

19/07/2023

LAFIYA JARIN TALAKA

DARASI NA BIYAR (05)

SAURO(MOSQUITOR), ILLOLIN SA A CIKIN MUTANE DA DABBOBI

SAURO
Wani ƙwaro ne siriri mai roɗi-roɗin baya, dogoyen ƙafafu ƙwaya shida, fuka-fukai ƙwaya biyu da dogon baki, yana fara rayuwar sa a matsayin ƙwai, sannan yabi wasu matakai biyu kafin ya zama cikekken sauro. Masana sunce ire-iren sauro sun kai 3600 amma darasin mu zai maida hankali ne akan dangi huɗu kacal masu saka cuttuka a cikin mutane da dabbobi. Yawancin mazan sauro suna cin abin cin su ne ta hanyar tsotsan ruwan ganyanyaki(nectar) saboda haka basu cika cizo ba. Amma su matan kasancewa suna buƙatar jini domin yin ƙoyayensu yasa suke cizon kusan dukkan hakittu masu rai tun daga kan mutane, dabbobi, kifaye da sauran halittu masu saɓa irin su ƙadangaru, macizai da kadoji da sauransu duk dai gunda zasu sami jini.

YAƊA CUTA
Saboda wannan ɗabi'a ta sauro ta cizo domin neman jini yasa yake zuwa ya ɗebo jinin mai cuta yazo ya ciji marar cutar yasa masa ita.

SAURO DANGI HUƊU MAFIYA CUTAR DA MUTANE DA DABBOBI
Aedes,
Anopheles,
Culex,
Mansonia

CUTUTTUKAN DA SUKE YA ƊAWA A CIKIN MUTANE
Zazzaɓin cizon sauro ( Malaria)- Sauron da ke jawota -Anopheles
Zazzaɓin Yellow fever-Sauron da ke jawota- Aedes
Zazzaɓin Dengue fever-Sauron da ke jawota- Aedes
Cutar Chikungunya- Sauron da ke jawota- Aedes
kumburin ƙafa na Lymphatic filariasis- Sauron da ke jawota - Aedes, Anopheles, Culex,
Zazzaɓin Zika- Sauron da ke jawota -Aedes
da sauran su

WASU DAGA CIKIN CUTAR DA SAURO KE SAWA DABBOBI
DOKI- equine encephalitis virus- Sauron da ke jawota - Aedes
BIRI- Yellow fever-Sauron da ke jawota -Aedes
ZOMO- Tularemia- Sauron da ke jawota - Culex
KARE-Heartworm disease(dirofilariasis)-Sauron da ke jawota - Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, da Mansonia
KAJI, TATTBARU, TALOTALO- Fox virus - Sauron da ke jawota - Aedes, Culex,Anopheles- wannan cutar common ce shine zaku ga ƙuraje a fuskar kazar da kan idonta har makancewa sukeyi, a bakin ta, kunnenta da sauran gurare.
Da sauran su.

BREEDING SITE( GURIN DA SAURO YAKE HAYYAYAFA)
-Gefe-gefen ruwa kwantacce ko mai gudana
-Kwalbatoti
- Dogayen ciyawi
- Cikin taɓo/laka
-Kwatoci da sauran su. Lokacin damana saboda ƙaruwar guraren da ruwa yake kwanciya sauro yana yawaita hakanan ma cutar malaria

HANYOYIN RAGE HAYAYYAFAR SAURO (CONTROL MEASURES)
-Tsabtacce muhallanmu daga kwatami, ciyayin ba gaira ba dalili
-Samar da hanyoyin ruwa yanda ruwa ba zai dinga kwanciya ba
-Feshin maganin sauro a guraren da ba yanda za'ayi dashi
-Sanya shinge yayin kwanciya(net)
Da sauran su.
In Allah ya bamu iko zamu ɗauki wasu daga cikin waƴannan cuttukan da sauro ke janyowa mu ɗan duba su musammam masu mahimmancin ciki irin su Malaria, Yello fever da chicken fox virus.
Usman Muhammad Hakimi.
27 September, 2022.

19/07/2023

LAFIYA JARIN TALAKA

DARASI NA HUƊU(04)

MACIJI, SARAN MACIJI, TAIMAKON GAGGAWA GA WANDA MACIJI YA SARASHE

MACIJI
Kamar yadda duk muka sani maciji wata halittace mai jan ciki marar ƙafafu dake cikin dangin hallittun da ake ƙira carnivorous reptiles( haliitu masu saɓa da ke cin nama). Anfi samun macijai a ƙasashe masu zafi(tropical regions) amma ana samun su a dukka ƙasashen duniya banda yan kaɗan k**ar: Antarctica, Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, New Zealand da wasu ƙasashen kan tudu masu tsananin sanyi.

DAFIN MACIJI
Kashi 70 cikin ɗari na macijan duniya basu da dafi, Kazalika sauran kashi 30 ɗin suma kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 na saran da sukeyi basa zuba guba (dry bite ne).

DAFI: wata guba ce da hallitu da yawa suke dashi kuma suke amfani dashi wajen kare kansu daga masu cutar dasu, ko kuma domin su, su cutar da wata hallitar. Na Maciji yana ƙunshe da sinadarai masu yawa wanda s**a haɗa da(proteins, peptides, polypeptides,carbohydrates, lipids, nucleosides, biogenic amines, free fatty acids ,magnesium, calcium, da zinc).

MAJIZAI MASU GUBA(DAFI) A NAJERIYA
Ana kasa majizai masu dafi a Najeriya zuwa kashi huɗu ko wanne kashi yana ɗauke da majizai masu tarin yawa amma dai zamu fi maida hankali akan macizai uku mafiya hatsari daga cikin wayannan kashe kashen sune k**ar haka:
1- Echis occelatus (carpet viper)- Da hausa:Kububuwa, Gobe da nisa, gajera, Tafakasa.
2- Bitis arietans ( puff udder) -Da hausa: Kasa
3- Naja nigricolosis (black spitting cobra)- Da hausa Baƙi.

Wayannan majizai guda uku kusan kashi 90 na mace-mace sak**akon saran maciji to sune sanadi. Zan saka hotunan su a ƙasan wanna rubutu domin ganesu.

HATSARIN SU:
1- Na farko ɗin nan wato kububuwa gajeriya ce mai ruwan ƙasa-ƙasa wani lokacin toka-toka tana ɓuya acikin busassun ganyayyaki, ƙasan dutsi, gefe-gefen daji mai surƙuƙi, tana da sauri k**ar iska da saurin kawo sara. Tana ɗauke da dafi mai hatsari da yake tsinka jini, kaga jini yana zuba ta baki, ta hanci, ta dubura, wani lokacin har ta ido. Itane lamba ta ɗaya a wajen kashe mutane a cikin majizai a Najeriya.
2- Ta biyu wato Kasa; tana da kaloli da yawa da s**a haɗa da ruwan ƙwai, ruwan ƙasa-ƙasa, ko kalar lemo, tan da facin baƙi-baƙi a bayanta. Tana iya kaiwa tsayin mita ɗaya da digo takwas, da daddare take fitowa kiwo da rana ta ɓuya ta yi bacci, tana da saurin kaiwa sara a duk wanda ya nufi kanta. Tana sajewa da busassun ganyayyaki idan ba'a lura ba. Dafin ta yana shiga can ciki jiki ya tsinka jini kuma ya ɓata nama. Saran ta yana haifar da matsaloli da yawa da s**a haɗa da bugawar zuciya, toshewar numfashi, rikicewar tunani da saɓa a fata. Yawan dafin da take zubawa mutum ɗaya zai iya kashe mutum huɗu in aka sa musu shi.
3- Ta uku wato baƙi asali ba shine Gamsheƙa ba amma yan gida ɗaya ne shi yasa wasu basa banbance su, su ke ƙiran su da suna ɗaya. Shi baƙiƙƙirin ne duk da a wasu ƙasashen ana samun sa ja-ja ja-ja. Amma dai babbar hanyar ganeshi shine yana da wani jan layi a ƙasan wuyansa. matsakaici ne zuwa jibgegge. Anasamun sa a gurin da akwai tana da yawa ko gafiyoyi da beraye da ƙadangaru. Yana hawa bishiya kuma yana shiga ruwa. Dafin sa yana ruɓar da nama kuma yana feshi a cikin idon mutum na dafin sa.

SAURAN MACIZAI MASU DAFI A NAJERIYA
Dispholidus typus, Boomslang (Hausa- sagon doka)
Elapsoidea semiannulata: Angolan Garter Snake (Hausa Kwadaddafi)
Naja haje: Egyptian Cobra (Hausa: Gamsheka)
Naja katiensis, Mali Cobra, Katian Spitting Cobra (Hausa: Jan nashuri)
Naja melanoleuca ( Black and White Cobra. Hausa – Bakaya,
Pseudohaje nigra, Hoodless Cobra (Hausa Tsadaraki)
da sauran su

TAIMAKON GAGGAWA GA WANDA MACIJI YA SARA
A al'adance musammam a kauyukan mu gunda saran maciji yafi yawa suna aikata wayannan al'adu da sunan taimakon gaggawa amma bincike na kimiya ya tabbatar da cewa basu da al'afanu sai ma illla da suke iya haifarwa k**ar su ɗaure gurin da macijin ya sara da tsumma da ƙarfi, ƙoƙarin zuƙe jini/dafi daga gunda akayi saran, yiwa marar lafiyan shokin da lantarki, wanke gurin da ruwa, Dukka wannan ba abin da sukeyi sai ƙara jinkiri wajen cetoshi a asibiti.

ABIN DA AKE SO AYI
1 kwantarwa da marar lafiyan hankali- saboda damuwa da tashin hankali ba abin da sukeyi sai ƙara sawa dafin yayi saurin yaɗuwa
2 Ayi ƙoƙarin wajen ganin yanda za'ayi ya dena motsa kafar ko hannun da macijin ya sara kuma a nannaɗeshi da bandeji
3 Ayi gaggawar kaishi Asibiti amma cikin nutsuwa ta yanda ba za a jijjagashi ba.
Dukka wanna domin a rage damar yaɗuwar dafin ne a cikin jikin sa. kuma wannan ya shafi mutum ko dabba da macijin ya sara.
WANDA MACIJI YAYI WA TSURTUWA A IDO
Ayi gaggawar wanke masa idanun kafin dafin ya fasa namam idon ya fara shiga ciki, wankewar ana yinta da ruwa mai gudana da ƙarfi k**ar na fanfo in dai anyi haka cikin sauri to ba abin da dafin zai masa amma duk da haka yaje yaga likita. Idan abin ya faru a cikin jeji gunda ba ruwa to a samu wanda yake jin fitsari ya seta idon ya tsula masa fitsari da ƙarfi, fitsarin zai wanko dafin, laruri ne yana halasta haram.

MAGANIN SARAN MACIJI
Magani ɗaya da hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta amince dashi a matsayin maganin dafin maciji shine Antivenom sai dai yana da ƙaranci da matuƙar tsada musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa. Allah ya bamu yanda zamuyi ya kuma kare mu daga saran na maciji.

Usman Muhammad Hakimi
26 September, 2022.

Dr Usman Azare

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