Infection Sabi Master

25/03/2024

Yes! We can end Tuberculosis (TB)!’
• 75 million lives have been saved since 2000 by global efforts to end TB
• 10.6 million people fell ill with TB in 2022
• 1.3 million people died of TB in 2022

• Common symptoms of TB disease include:
• • Prolonged cough
• • Chest pain
• • Weakness or fatigue
• • Weight loss
• • Fever
• • Night sweats

02/02/2024

31/01/2024

CDC's 5P's approach to taking a s*xual history:

Partners, Practices, Protection from STIs, Past History of STIs, and Pregnancy Intention.

08/01/2024

Be Infectious Disease Free....

13/03/2023

Ge***al Tuberculosis
Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) is caused by Mycobacteria tuberculosis bacilli and is typically secondary to tuberculosis (TB) of the lungs. The spread largely occurs through the haematogenous route. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections frequently cause the symptoms by reactivation of previously dormant tuberculous bacilli. Particularly in underdeveloped nations, female ge***al TB (FGTB) continues to be a key contributor to tubal blockage and infertility. It damages ge***al organs, which results in abnormal menstruation and infertility. FGTB is a chronic condition that manifests as mild symptoms. Almost all cases of ge***al TB include the fallopian tubes, which, together with endometrial involvement, render patients infertile. There may be asymptomatic cases. In order to save women from invasive surgery, it is vital to keep in mind the extremely rare but critical role of FGTB in the differential diagnosis of any malignancy. A thorough physical examination, careful history collection, and careful use of tests are done to arrive at a diagnosis. Hysterosalpingography has been recognised as the most accurate method for detecting FGTB and as the gold standard screening test for determining tubal infertility. Ge***al TB may be found in high-risk groups, such as those with infertility; recurrent miscarriages; ectopic pregnancies; menstrual irregularities, including menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, and amenorrhea; adnexal mass chronic pelvic pain; family history of TB; and history of previous TB. Recently, there have been numerous improvements and modifications to FGTB management. The primary treatment for TB is a multidrug anti-TB regimen, while surgery may be necessary in more severe cases. Even after receiving multimodal therapy for TB, infertile women with ge***al TB have low conception rates and a significant risk of complications like ectopic pregnancy and loss.

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12/02/2023

BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS(BV)

BV is a polymicrobial clinical syndrome resulting from replacement of the normal hydrogen peroxide producing Lactobacillus sp. in the va**na with high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Prevotella sp. and Mobiluncus sp.), G. va**nalis, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma, and numerous fastidious or uncultivated anaerobes.
Among women presenting for care, BV is the most prevalent cause of va**nal discharge or malodor

Risk fsctors

BV is associated with having multiple male or female partners, a new s*x partner, douching, lack of condom use, and lack of va**nal lactobacilli; women who have never been s*xually active are rarely affected . The cause of the microbial alteration
women with BV are at increased risk for the acquisition of some STDs (e.g., HIV, N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, and HSV-2
BV also increases the risk for HIV transmission to male s*x partners

Clinical picture

Asymptomatic in most of the cases
Vaginl discharge which is profuse, thin,homogenous,non irritant,maladorous discharge that is adherent to the va**nal wall
Characteristic fishy amine smellis usually noticeable around the time of me**es or following s*xual in*******se

09/02/2023

GONORRHEA
Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported communicable disease. Urethral infections caused by N. gonorrhoeae among men can produce symptoms that cause them to seek curative treatment soon enough to prevent sequelae, but often not soon enough to prevent transmission to others. Among women, gonococcal infections are commonly asymptomatic or might not produce recognizable symptoms until complications (e.g., PID) have occurred. PID can result in tubal scarring that can lead to infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
Pathology
Primary sites; cervix, urethra and bartholins gland
Secondary sites; pelvic inflammatory disease
Others sites of infection
In women: oropharynx and re**um
In men: urethra, prostate and epididymis
In newborn; eye and joints
Clinical picture
Frequently asymptomatic
Symptomatic cases, symptoms usually appear 2-5 days after exposure. they include;
• mucupurulent cervical discharge
• Lower abdominal pain and fever if PID develops
• Dysuria may occur in both men and women if there is associated urethritis and cystitis
• symptoms of bartholinitis may occur
• symptoms of pharyngitis and proctitis should be looked for
• Disseminated gonococcal infection
Investigation
Gram stains; show negative diplococci with polymorph nuclear leukocytes
Culture on Thayer martin medium
Nucleic acid application test
Complication
Ascending infection may lead to salphingitis and tubal damage that may predispose to infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
In the newborn exposure during va**nal delivery, from an infected mother with endocervicitis, may cause ophthalmitis, blindness and serious sepsis.
In males, it leads to urethritis, prostatitis, epididymis and repeated transmission to the female.