11/10/2025
Fetal presentation describes the part of the fetus's body that is closest to the mother's pelvic inlet during labor, with cephalic (head-first) being the most common and desired presentation for vaginal birth. Other presentations, such as breech (buttocks-first), shoulder, or face, are considered abnormal and can make vaginal delivery more challenging or unsafe, potentially requiring a C-section.
Types of Fetal Presentations
Cephalic (Head-First): This is the most common and ideal presentation, with the fetal head leading the way into the birth canal.
Vertex: The most common type of cephalic presentation, where the fetal neck is flexed, bringing the chin towards the chest.
Face: An abnormal cephalic presentation where the fetal chin (mentum) is leading, often due to a hyperextended neck.
Brow: The presenting part is the forehead, occurring when the neck is less extended than in a face presentation.
Breech (Buttocks-First): The fetal buttocks or feet lead the way into the birth canal.
Complete Breech: Both buttocks are down, and the legs are tucked towards the chest.
Frank Breech: The buttocks are presenting, with the legs extended up towards the shoulders.
Footling Breech: One or both feet are presenting.
Shoulder: Occurs when the fetus is lying in a transverse (sideways) position, with the shoulder being the presenting part.
