22/01/2023
Update! Kindly share to loved ones. On Friday, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed reports of diphtheria cases in the states of Lagos and Kano. Diphtheria is a dangerous bacterial infection that affects the throat and nose mucous membranes. Diphtheria, despite its ease of transmission, is preventable with vaccines. The NCDC also stated that it was keeping a close eye on the situation in Osun and Yobe states, where cases are now being reported. Diphtheria is fatal in 5–10% of cases, with young children having a higher mortality rate. As of January 13, no fewer than 25 people had been killed by the infectious disease, and Kano state had 58 suspected cases. The NCDC reported an outbreak of the disease in Borno state in 2011, with 98 cases and 21 deaths (case fatality ratio of 21.4%).
Causes
Diphtheria is caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae and spreads through person-to-person contact or contaminated objects. Even if they are asymptomatic, an infected person can spread the bacteria for up to six weeks.
Symptoms
Symptoms of diphtheria can appear 2–5 days after infection and range from mild to severe. The most common symptom is a thick, gray coating on the throat and tonsils. Other common symptoms include fever, chills, swollen glands, coughing, a sore throat, bluish skin, drooling, and discomfort. Additional symptoms such as difficulty breathing or swallowing, changes in vision, slurred speech, and shock may also occur as the infection progresses. Cutaneous diphtheria, or diphtheria of the skin, can also occur in people with poor hygiene or living in tropical areas, causing ulcers and redness on the skin.
Prevention
Diphtheria can be prevented through antibiotics and vaccines. The vaccine is called DTaP and is typically given in a series of five shots for children at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months and 4-6 years. It can cause allergic reactions in rare cases. Vaccines last for 10 years and will need to be updated. Adults are recommended to get a combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis booster shot once and then every 10 years.