23/05/2020
HEADACHE/CEPHALGIA
DEF: painful sensation in any part of the head, ranging from sharp to dull, that may occur with or without other symptoms.
CAUSES:
1. PRIMARY CAUSE: this type of headache occur independently. They are not as a result of any medical condition.
Primary causes include stress/emotional distress, lack of sleep, wrong eyeglass prescription, Loud noise or tight head cover/wear.
2. SECONDARY CAUSE: these type of headaches occur as symptoms of a medical disorder that stimulates pain-free sensitive nerves of the head. That is,they are dependent on other causes such as:
Excessive alcohol consumption (hangover)
Brain tumor
Hypertension
Dehydration
Concussion
Panic attacks and so many others.
TYPES OF HEADACHE
1.TENSION HEADACHE: most common form of headache. Usually begin slowly and gradually in the middle of the day. It can be acute or chronic. Acute tension headache occurs few hours in duration and can last for several days while chronic occurs for many days in a month and can last for at least 3months.
Signs & Symptoms:
*a constant, dull ache on both sides of the head.
*pain may spread to neck.
2. MIGRAINE HEADACHE: one of the most common form of headache that have a significant impact on the life of an individual. Migraine headache can last for a few hours to about 2 to 3days. It causes pulsating throbbing pain which usually affects one side of the head.
Signs & Symptoms:
*blurred vision
*teary eyes
*light-headedness
*nausea
*sensory disturbances.
3. REBOUND HEADACHE: this type of headache are also called Medication Over use headaches. They result from excessive use of medications. They usually begin early in the day and persist throughout the day.
Signs & Symptoms:
*neck pain
*restlessness
*a feeling of nasal congestion
*lack of sleep.
4. CLUSTER HEADACHE: this usually last between 15minutes to 3hours, and occur suddenly once per day up to eight times per day for a period of weeks to months. In this type of headache, there may be no headache symptoms and may last from moths to years.
Signs & Symptoms:
*usually one sided
*severe
*usually sharp or burning
*located in or around one eye.
The affected eye may become red and swollen.
5. THUNDERCLAP HEADACHE: these type of headache is usually described as "Worst Headache of My Life". They are sudden and severe. Intensity of headache is less than one minute and last longer than 5minutes. It occurs as a result of severe life threatening conditions such as meningitis, stroke, severe head injury.
TREATMENT: treatment/management depends on the cause and type of headache.