13/10/2025
🧫 Ma’anar TB (Tuberculosis)
Tuberculosis (TB) wata cuta ce mai tsanani wadda kwayar cuta mai suna Mycobacterium tuberculosis ke haifarwa.
Cutar na fi yawa tana k**a huhu (lungs), amma tana iya k**a wasu sassan jiki k**ar ƙashi, koda, kwakwalwa, da lymph nodes.
🦠 Dalilin Cuta (Causative Agent)
Kwayar cutar da ke haifar da TB ita ce:
👉 Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Wani lokaci kuma nau’o’in Mycobacterium bovis ko Mycobacterium africanum na iya haddasa ta, amma su ba su da yawa k**ar ta farko.
😷 Yadda TB ke Yaduwa (Mode of Transmission)
TB tana yaduwa ne ta iska:
Idan mutum mai TB ya yi tari, atishawa, ko magana, ƙwayar cutar na fita cikin ƙura mai santsi (droplets) a iska.
Mutum mai lafiya idan ya shaki wannan iska, zai iya kamuwa da cutar.
> Ba a yawan samun TB daga abinci ko ta jini, sai dai idan an sha madarar saniya mai cutar TB (Mycobacterium bovis).
⚠️ Alamomin TB (Signs and Symptoms)
TB ta huhu (Pulmonary TB):
1. Tari mai ɗaukar lokaci fiye da makonni biyu (2).
2. Tari da jini ko majina mai duhu.
3. Zazzabi mai sauka da hawa, musamman da dare.
4. Gumi mai yawa da dare.
5. Asarar nauyi sosai (mace ko namiji ya rame).
6. Rashin sha’awar abinci.
7. Jin rauni da gajiya sosai.
8. Wahalar shakar iska.
TB a wasu sassa (Extrapulmonary TB):
Koda: Fitsari da jini, ciwon gefe.
Ƙashi: Ciwon ƙashi, kumburi, ko lanƙwasawa.
Kwakwalwa (TB meningitis): Ciwon kai, amai, suma, da rashin iya magana.
Lymph nodes: Kumburin wuya da ba ya ciwo.
🧪 Hanyoyin Gano TB (Diagnosis)
1. Tari da jini (Sputum test): Ana bincikar kwayar cuta a dakin gwaje-gwaje.
2. Chest X-ray: Don gano ko huhu sun sami matsala.
3. Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test): Ana saka sinadari a fata, idan fata ta kumbura, alama ce mutum yana da TB ko ya taba kamuwa.
4. GeneXpert test: Gwaji na zamani da ke gano kwayar TB cikin lokaci kaɗan.
5. Culture test: Ana girma da kwayar a dakin gwaje-gwaje don tabbatarwa.
