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Dr Inya Azubuike Uma- Your Gynecologist, Lagos (2025)

10/07/2025

Topic for today: Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is a procedure that allows a gynecologist to look inside of your uterus in order to diagnose and treat the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. Hysteroscopy is done using a hysteroscope, a thin, lighted tube that’s inserted into your va**na to examine your cervix and the inside of your uterus. An operative hysteroscopy can be used to remove polyps, fibroids and adhesions.

Hysteroscopy can be a part of the diagnostic process, as well as the treatment process.

Diagnostic hysteroscopy identifies structural irregularities in your uterus that may be causing abnormal bleeding. Hysteroscopy may also be used to confirm the results of other tests, such as an ultrasound or hysterosalpingography (HSG). HSG is an X-ray dye test used to check whether your fallopian tubes are blocked. Blocked fallopian tubes may make it difficult to become pregnant.

Operative hysteroscopy treats an abnormality detected during a diagnostic hysteroscopy. Your provider may perform a diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy at the same time, avoiding the need for a second surgery. During operative hysteroscopy, your gynecologist uses a device to remove abnormalities that may be causing abnormal uterine bleeding.

Endometrial ablation is a procedure that treats abnormal uterine bleeding. Your gynecologist uses the hysteroscope to look inside your uterus before using a device to destroy your uterine lining.

Hysteroscopy is primarily used to identify and treat conditions that cause abnormal uterine bleeding, heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular spotting between periods and bleeding after menopause.

Your doctor may perform hysteroscopy to diagnose and correct the following uterine conditions:

Polyps and fibroids: Hysteroscopy is used to find and remove these uterine structural abnormalities. Surgical removal of a polyp is called a hysteroscopy polypectomy. Surgical removal of a fibroid is called a hysteroscopy myomectomy.
Adhesions: Also known as Asherman’s syndrome, uterine adhesions are bands of scar tissue that can form in your uterus and may lead to changes in menstrual flow and cause infertility. Hysteroscopy can help your doctor locate and remove the adhesions.
Septums: Hysteroscopy can help determine whether you have a uterine septum, a malformation (defect) of the uterus that’s present from birth.

Hysteroscopy may also be used to:

Diagnose the cause of repeated miscarriages or fertility problems.
Locate an intrauterine device (IUD).
Diagnose and remove placental tissue after birth.

Your gynecologist will review your medical history and evaluate your current health to determine whether a hysteroscopy is appropriate. Although there are many benefits associated with hysteroscopy, it’s not right for everyone. For example, you shouldn’t have a hysteroscopy if:

You’re pregnant.

You have a pelvic infection.

Have you seen your gynecologist today?
Book that appointment now.
Don’t say i didn’t tell you.
God bless you more.

06/07/2025

Topic for today: Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is an X-ray dye test used to diagnose problems related to fertility. During an HSG, an X-ray records images of your uterine cavity and fallopian tubes while they’re filled with a special dye. An HSG can help your provider spot issues in your reproductive anatomy that may prevent you from getting pregnant. These issues include blocked fallopian tubes and an irregularly shaped uterus.

Your provider will plan your procedure so that it happens during the first two weeks of your menstrual cycle — after your last period has ended but before you ovulate. This timing reduces the chance that you’ll be pregnant or menstruating during the procedure.

You shouldn’t get an HSG if you’re pregnant or if you have a pelvic infection.

An HSG can help your provider see if your fallopian tubes are open or blocked. This information can help your provider diagnose fertility problems. Open fallopian tubes allow a clear path for conception to occur. S***m travel through fallopian tubes to fertilize an egg. The fertilized egg (embryo) travels through your fallopian tubes to your uterus, where it can grow and develop into a healthy fetus.

Blocked fallopian tubes prevent these processes from happening and are a leading cause of infertility.

An HSG can also allow your provider to:

Check the success of a tubal ligation or tubal reversal: An HSG can show whether a tubal ligation procedure successfully closed your fallopian tubes so that you can’t get pregnant. It can also show if the procedure was successfully reversed.
Plan for further imaging: An HSG can show irregularities in your uterus (fibroids, abnormal shape) that your provider can use to plan for further imaging, including sonohysterography and hysteroscopy. A sonohysterography can further define the results of an HSG and provide a final diagnosis, while hysteroscopy can treat specific conditions involving your uterus.
Nowadays, hysterosalpingogram is used only to determine if the tubes are open, as other less complicated and more complete tests can be done to study the uterus.

Your gynecologist, a radiologist, or a reproductive endocrinologist can perform an HSG. Afterward, a radiologist will assess your X-rays and write a report communicating findings to your physician.

Have you seen your Gynecologist today?
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God bless you!

05/07/2025

Topic for today: Cervical cerclage

Cervical cerclage is a way of keeping your cervix closed during pregnancy to prevent premature birth due to incompetent (weakened) cervix. If your cervix has weakened, your healthcare provider will likely recommend a cervical cerclage. This is to keep the fetus safe inside of your uterus until it’s time for you to give birth.
During this procedure, your healthcare provider will place one or several sutures (stitches) in the opening of your cervix to keep it safely closed during your pregnancy.

Your cervix is the lower portion or opening of your uterus. Your uterus is like a pouch or purse, and a cervical cerclage procedure is like strings that keep the purse closed.

There are several reasons why your healthcare provider may recommend cervical cerclage during your pregnancy. Some reasons for cervical cerclage include:

Incompetent (weakened) cervix. This can happen due to past surgeries such as LEEP procedures or other surgeries on cervical tissue.
Past miscarriages from an abnormally shaped uterus or damage to your cervix.
Past miscarriages during the second trimester that suggest weakened cervix.
It’s important to discuss with your healthcare provider any past pregnancies, miscarriages and procedures you’ve had. If your healthcare provider thinks you may benefit from a cervical cerclage procedure, they’ll perform it at about 12 to 14 weeks into your pregnancy, before your cervix thins out.

Have you seen your Gynecologist today?
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God bless you!

02/07/2025

Topic for today: Cervical Incompetence

Incompetent cervix occurs when your cervix opens, weakens or shortens too early in pregnancy. It’s also known as cervical insufficiency. It can cause problems including miscarriage (loss of the pregnancy) and premature birth (being born before 37 weeks of pregnancy).

During pregnancy, your cervix is closed at the lower end. It thins and opens before childbirth. When it opens too early in a pregnancy, it’s called incompetent cervix (also known as cervical insufficiency). Complications linked to incompetent cervix can include premature birth and miscarriage.

If you’re at risk for an incompetent cervix or your cervix shows signs of opening too soon, your pregnancy care provider may recommend preventative treatment to avoid pregnancy complications.

Your cervix is at the lower end of your uterus. It opens to your va**na. Before pregnancy, your cervix is closed and firm. As you near your due date, your cervix softens, shortens (effaces) and opens (dilates) so your baby can be born through your va**na.

With cervical insufficiency, your cervix may soften, open or shorten before the fetus is old enough to be born. This puts the fetus at risk for being born too soon — before their organs are fully developed.

Incompetent cervix occurs in about 1 in 100 pregnancies.

Anyone can develop an incompetent cervix. However, you may be at higher risk if you have:

An irregularly shaped cervix or uterus.
Experienced a premature birth or miscarriage in the second trimester of pregnancy.
Injured your cervix or uterus during a previous pregnancy or childbirth.
Had surgery on your cervix.
A genetic disorder like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome which may cause cervical weakness and can lead to cervical insufficiency.
Studies have also shown that people who are Black and people expecting multiples (twins, triplets, etc.) are more likely to develop this condition during pregnancy.

Have you seen your Gynecologist today?
Book that appointment now.
Do not suffer in silence or out of ignorance.
God bless you!

30/06/2025

Topic for today: Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar during pregnancy. Eating healthy, well-balanced foods and getting exercise can usually keep it well managed. But sometimes, insulin is necessary to help you manage blood sugar levels. If left untreated, it can cause health problems for both you and the fetus.

Gestational diabetes (GD or GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops exclusively in pregnancy when blood sugar levels get too high (hyperglycemia). It happens when the hormones from the placenta block your ability to use or make insulin. Insulin helps your body maintain the right amount of glucose in your blood. Too much glucose in your blood can lead to pregnancy complications. GDM usually appears during the middle of pregnancy, between 24 and 28 weeks. Your pregnancy care provider will order a blood test to check for gestational diabetes.

Developing GDM doesn’t mean you already had diabetes before you got pregnant. The condition appears because of pregnancy. People with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes before pregnancy have their own, separate challenges when they become pregnant.

Fortunately, gestational diabetes is well understood, and healthcare providers are usually able to help you manage the condition with small lifestyle and dietary changes. Most people don’t experience serious complications from gestational diabetes and deliver healthy babies.

If you have gestational diabetes, your pregnancy care provider will have you visit a nutritionist who specializes in gestational diabetes. At this appointment, you’ll talk about how certain foods typically increase blood sugar levels and how to make sure your meals and snacks contain the right types and amounts of food.

They’ll also talk to you about checking or testing your blood sugar at home, and what your levels should be after meals.

Finally, your obstetrician or nutritionist will discuss a gestational diabetes management plan. People with diabetes typically have more prenatal visits to check on fetal growth, monitor their weight gain and discuss how well they’re managing their blood sugar.

The rate of gestational diabetes is on the rise. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 8% to 10% of pregnant women will develop GDM.

The rate of gestational diabetes worldwide, on average, is between 14% and 17%. Other factors can contribute to rates being higher, such as age, race/ethnicity, access to prenatal care and geography.

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A HEALTHY woman is a WEALTHY woman.
God bless you!

29/06/2025

Topic for today: IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)

IVF (in vitro fertilization) is a type of fertility treatment where eggs are combined with s***m outside of your body in a lab. It’s a method used by people who need help achieving pregnancy. IVF involves many complex steps and is an effective form of assisted reproductive technology (ART).

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a type of assisted reproductive technology (ART) where s***m and an egg are fertilized outside of the human body. IVF is a complex process that involves retrieving eggs from ovaries and manually combining them with s***m in a lab for fertilization. Several days after fertilization, the fertilized egg (now called an embryo) is placed inside a uterus. Pregnancy occurs when this embryo implants itself into the uterine wall.

People choose IVF for many reasons, including infertility issues or when one partner has an existing health condition. Some people will try IVF after other fertility methods have failed or if they’re at an advanced maternal age. IVF is also a reproductive option for same-sex couples or people who wish to have a baby without a partner.

IVF is an option if you or your partner has:

Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes.
Endometriosis.
Low s***m count or other s***m impairments.
Polycystic o***y syndrome (PCOS) or other ovarian conditions.
Uterine fibroids.
Problems with your uterus.
Risk of passing on a genetic disease or disorder.
Unexplained infertility.
Are using an egg donor or a gestational surrogate.

IVF is a complicated process with many steps. On average, you can expect the process to last four to six weeks. This includes the time before egg retrieval, when a person takes fertility medication until they’re tested for pregnancy.

Approximately 5% of couples with infertility will try IVF. More than 8 million babies have been born from IVF since 1978. It’s one of the most effective assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) available.

What is the difference between IVF and IUI (intrauterine insemination)?

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is different from in vitro fertilization (IVF) because in an IUI procedure, fertilization occurs in a person’s body. A s***m sample is collected and washed so only high-quality s***m are left. This sample is inserted into your uterus with a catheter (thin tube) during ovulation. This method helps the s***m get to the egg more easily in hope that fertilization will happen.

With IVF, the s***m and egg are fertilized outside of your uterus (in a lab) and then placed in your uterus as an embryo.

IUI is less expensive and less invasive than IVF. IUI has a lower success rate per cycle.

Have you seen your Gynecologist today?
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A stitch in time saves ninth.
God bless you !

26/06/2025

Topic for today : Uterine Polyps

Uterine polyps are growths that occur in the inner lining (endometrium) of your uterus. They're attached to the endometrium by a thin stalk or a broad base and extend inward into your uterus. Uterine polyps are usually noncancerous, but they may cause problems with periods (menstruation) or fertility if they’re left untreated.

Uterine polyps are growths in the inner lining of your uterus (endometrium). They’re sometimes called endometrial polyps.

Uterine polyps form when there’s an overgrowth of endometrial tissue. The polyp attaches to the endometrium by a thin stalk or a broad base and extends into your uterus. Polyps may be round or oval and range in size from a few millimeters (the size of a sesame seed) to a few centimeters (the size of a golf ball) or larger. You may have one or several polyps present.

Uterine polyps are usually benign (noncancerous), but they may cause problems with periods (menstruation) or your ability to have children (fertility).

Age is a major predictor of polyps. You’re most likely to develop uterine polyps in your 40s and 50s, around the time when you’re approaching menopause (perimenopause). Uterine polyps can occur after menopause (postmenopause), but they rarely affect people under 20 years old.

Your chance of developing uterine polyps also increases if you:

Have overweight (BMI 25 < 30) or obese (BMI > 30).
Have high blood pressure (hypertension).
Take tamoxifen, a drug that's used to treat breast cancer.
Receive hormone replacement therapy that involves a high dosage of estrogen.
You’re at greater risk of getting uterine polyps if you have Lynch syndrome or Cowden syndrome.

It’s difficult to tell. Uterine polyps are sometimes asymptomatic, meaning they don’t cause symptoms. For this reason, many people with uterine polyps may never receive a diagnosis. Research does suggest that polyps are more common in certain populations. For instance, they’re more common in people who’ve gone through menopause than those who haven’t.

Have you seen your Gynecologist today?
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What are you waiting for?
See your Gynecologist today.
Health is Wealth!
God bless you!!

25/06/2025

Topic for today: Ectopic Pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy happens when a fertilized egg implants outside of your uterus, most commonly in your fallopian tube. The fallopian tube isn’t made to hold a growing embryo. This condition can lead to bleeding in the birth mother. An ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening condition that requires emergency treatment.

An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that happens outside of your uterus. This occurs when a fertilized egg implants in a location that can’t support its growth. An ectopic pregnancy most often happens in your fallopian tube (a structure that connects your ovaries and uterus). Ectopic pregnancies more rarely can occur in your o***y, abdominal cavity or cervix. Pregnancies can’t continue if they’re ectopic because only your uterus is meant to carry a pregnancy.

Ectopic pregnancies can become life-threatening, especially if your fallopian tube breaks (ruptures). This is a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and it can cause severe bleeding, infection and sometimes, death. This is a medical emergency. Healthcare providers must treat ectopic pregnancies quickly.

An ectopic pregnancy happens when a fertilized egg implants outside of your uterus. The egg is meant to travel down your fallopian tubes and embed itself into the wall of your uterus, where it can develop. In an ectopic pregnancy, the egg implants in one of the structures along the way. The most common place this can happen is inside your fallopian tubes. The majority of ectopic pregnancies happen here — about 90%.

Ectopic pregnancies occur in about 2% of all pregnancies.

Have you seen your Gynecologist today?
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Your Health, your Wealth.
God bless you.

23/06/2025

Topic for today: Rhesus Factor

The Rhesus factor, or Rh factor, is a certain type of protein found on the outside of red blood cells. People are either Rh-positive (they have the protein) or Rh-negative (they don’t have the protein). This is important when you’re Rh-negative and pregnant with a fetus who’s Rh-positive.

Rh factor (or Rhesus factor) is a type of protein on the outside or surface of your red blood cells. You inherit the protein, which means you get your Rh factor from your biological parents. If you have the protein, you’re Rh-positive. If you don’t have the protein, you’re Rh-negative. The majority of people, about 85%, are Rh-positive.

During pregnancy, complications may occur if you’re Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive. This is called Rh factor incompatibility. Treatments are available to prevent complications of Rh incompatibility.

Common blood types

The protein on the surface of your red blood cells determines your blood type. Each blood type also has a positive or negative factor. The positive or negative next to the blood type is your Rh factor. Your Rh factor doesn’t cause problems or hurt your health in any way. It only becomes important when blood types are mixed together, like during pregnancy and childbirth.

The most common blood types are:

A positive.
A negative.
B positive.
B negative.
O positive.
O negative.
Why is Rh factor important?

Your Rh factor doesn’t affect your overall health, but it’s important to know your Rh status if you’re pregnant.

Have you seen your Gynecologist today?
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Health is Wealth.

God bless you!

22/06/2025

Topic for today: Menstrual Pain (Dysmenorrhea)

Dysmenorrhea” is the medical term for painful menstrual periods. It happens because your uterus contracts to shed its lining. The pain typically begins just before your period and subsides after a few days. Primary dysmenorrhea refers to recurrent pain with no identifiable cause. Secondary dysmenorrhea results from conditions like endometriosis.

In addition to cramping, you might have other symptoms, such as nausea, fatigue and diarrhea. It’s most common to have menstrual cramps the day before or the day you start your period. For most people, symptoms subside after about two or three days.

Mild to moderate menstrual cramping is normal. But some people have such severe pain during their period that it interferes with their day-to-day life and prevents them from doing things they enjoy. Medication and other treatments can help with painful periods.

Types of dysmenorrhea

There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary and secondary.

Primary dysmenorrhea

Primary dysmenorrhea is the name for menstrual cramps that come back every time you have get period, but aren’t due to another medical condition. Pain usually begins one or two days before you get your period or when the bleeding actually starts. You may feel pain ranging from mild to severe in your lower abdomen, back or thighs. The pain usually subsides within two or three days. Primary dysmenorrhea is the more common type of dysmenorrhea.

Secondary dysmenorrhea

If you have painful periods because of a condition or an infection in your reproductive organs, it’s secondary dysmenorrhea. Pain from secondary dysmenorrhea usually begins earlier in your menstrual cycle and lasts longer than typical menstrual cramps. For example, you may experience cramping several days before your period and the pain may last until the bleeding completely stops. Secondary dysmenorrhea is less common.

Is having dysmenorrhea normal?

It’s normal to have some pain during menstruation. About 60% of people with a uterus have mild cramps during their period. About 5% to 15% of people report period pain that’s so severe that it affects their daily activities. However, this number is likely higher, as healthcare providers believe many people don’t report menstrual pain.

In most cases, painful periods become less painful as you get older. They may also improve after giving birth.

Have you seen your Gynecologist today?
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Memorial Hospital and Diagnostics Ltd, your safety is our priority.
God bless you!

21/06/2025

Topic for today: Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL)

Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as having two or more miscarriages. After two miscarriages, a thorough physical exam and testing are recommended.

A small number of women have repeated miscarriages. It’s estimated that fewer than 5 in 100 have two miscarriages in a row.

About half of miscarriages occur randomly when an embryo receives an abnormal number of chromosomes during fertilization. This type of genetic problem happens by chance. There is no medical condition that causes it. But the chance of this problem increases with age.

In a small number of couples who have repeated miscarriages, one partner has a chromosome in which a piece is transferred to another chromosome. This is called a translocation.

People who have a translocation usually do not have any physical signs or symptoms, but some of their eggs or s***m will have abnormal chromosomes. If an embryo gets too much or too little genetic material, it often leads to a miscarriage.

Some medical conditions may increase the risk of repeated miscarriages:

Certain congenital problems of the uterus—Although there are many such disorders, one of the most common that has been linked to miscarriage is a septate uterus. In this condition, the uterus is partially divided into two sections by a wall of tissue.

Asherman syndrome—This condition causes adhesions and scarring in the uterus.

Fibroids and polyps—These are benign (noncancer) growths of the uterus.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)—This autoimmune disorder that affects blood clotting can cause a variety of medical problems. APS can occur alone or with other autoimmune diseases, such as lupus.

Diabetes mellitus—Diabetes, especially if the disease is poorly controlled, can increase the risk of pregnancy loss. Keeping blood sugar levels in the normal range before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy can decrease the risk.

Thyroid disease—Problems with the thyroid gland that are not treated can increase the risk of miscarriage. Treating thyroid problems can decrease the risk.

Polycystic o***y syndrome (PCOS)

In more than half of women with repeated miscarriages, no cause can be found for the pregnancy loss. There may be clues about what the problem is, but there is no sure answer.

Have you seen your Gynecologist today?
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Visit us today @ JUMAI Memorial Hospital and Diagnostics Ltd, Lekki, Lagos for an exceptional and empathic care.
God bless you!

20/06/2025

Topic for today: Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea is missing one or more periods. Talk to your healthcare provider if you’re older than 15 and haven’t gotten your first period (primary amenorrhea) or you’ve missed a period for three or more months (secondary amenorrhea). Amenorrhea is often a sign of a treatable condition. With treatment, your regular menstrual cycle will usually resume.

Amenorrhea is when you don’t get your menstrual period. There are two kinds of amenorrhea: primary and secondary. Primary amenorrhea is when a person older than 15 has never gotten their first period. Secondary amenorrhea happens when a person doesn’t get a period for more than three months.

A complex system of hormones controls your menstrual cycle. Every cycle, these hormones prepare your uterus for a possible pregnancy. If there’s no pregnancy that cycle, you shed your uterine lining. That shedding is your period. There are many factors that can affect your period including issues with the following organs and structures:

Hypothalamus: Controls your pituitary gland, which affects ovulation (releasing an egg).
Ovaries: Store and produce the egg for ovulation and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Uterus: Responds to the hormones by thickening your uterine lining. This lining sheds as your menstrual period if there’s no pregnancy.
What are the types of amenorrhea?

Primary amenorrhea

Primary amenorrhea is when you haven’t gotten your first period by age 15 or within five years of the first signs of puberty (such as developing breasts). It’s usually due to genetic conditions (conditions you’re born with) or acquired abnormalities (conditions that develop after birth).

Secondary amenorrhea

Secondary amenorrhea is when you’ve been getting regular periods, but you stop getting your period for at least three months, or your period stops for six months when they were previously irregular. Common reasons for this type of amenorrhea include:

Pregnancy.
Lactation.
Stress.
Having a chronic illness.

About 1 in 4 women who aren’t pregnant, breastfeeding or going through menopause experience amenorrhea at some point in their lives.

Have you seen your Gynecologist today?

Book that appointment now.
Memorial Hospital and Diagnostics Ltd, your safety is our utmost priority.
God bless you.

Dr Inya Azubuike Uma- Your Gynecologist

10/07/2025

06/07/2025

05/07/2025

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30/06/2025

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