22/10/2024
STROKE
An Overview
A stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or significantly reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to the death of brain cells within minutes, making it a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
There are two main types of stroke:
1. Ischemic Stroke: This is the most common type, accounting for about 85% of cases. It happens when a blood clot blocks or narrows an artery leading to the brain, often due to atherosclerosis (a buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries).
2. Hemorrhagic Stroke: This occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing bleeding. The two major causes of hemorrhagic strokes are high blood pressure and aneurysms (weakened spots in blood vessel walls that rupture).
Symptoms of Stroke
The symptoms often develop suddenly and may include:
Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body.
Confusion, difficulty speaking, or trouble understanding speech.
Vision problems in one or both eyes.
Difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination.
Severe headache with no known cause (more common in hemorrhagic stroke).
Risk Factors
Risk factors for stroke include:
Modifiable factors: High blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Non-modifiable factors: Age, family history, gender (males are more prone), and certain genetic disorders.
TREATMENT
The treatment for a stroke depends on its type:
Ischemic stroke: Quick administration of clot-dissolving medications (thrombolytics) can restore blood flow if given early. In some cases, mechanical thrombectomy (removing the clot) may be necessary.
Hemorrhagic stroke: Treatment focuses on controlling the bleeding and reducing pressure on the brain. Surgery may be required to repair blood vessel abnormalities.
Prevention
Preventive measures include controlling blood pressure, managing cholesterol, adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight. Awareness of the warning signs (using the FAST method: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call emergency services) is crucial in minimizing the damage caused by a stroke.
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