04/02/2025
2025 WORLD CANCER DAY, FEBRUARY 4TH: âUNITED BY UNIQUEâ.
The State Specialist Hospital Ondo has joined the rest of the world to observe the 2025 World Cancer Day, a global healthcare event themed âUNITED BY UNIQUEâ. The significance of this year celebration aims to raise awareness about cancer prevention, detection and treatment. Events and educative talks are organized to educate individuals on the importance of detecting cancer early.
In an interactive session with Dr. Bello Olurotimi, a senior registral at the Family Medicine department, State Specialist Hospital Ondo. He enlightened cancer causes, symptoms, prevention, advancement and so on.
QUESTION: WHAT IS CANCER?
ANSWER: Cancer is referring to the fact that the human cell or the body cell has lost its ability to control its replication which means that they create abnormal cells that divide and multiply, eventually disrupting how your body works.
QUESTION: WHAT IS THIS YEARâS WORLD CANCER DAY THEME?
ANSWER: The theme for world cancer day 2025 is âunited by uniqueâ. This theme highlights the importance of personalized care and treatments to cater to each individualsâ unique needs.
QUESTION: WHO CAN GET CANCER?
ANSWER: Cancer can occur in any age group. children below the age one has had occurrence of cancer. so, all age groups from infants to adults to elders.
QUESTION: WHAT CAUSES CANCER?
ANSWER: Cancer is caused by the loss of control of the body cells to replicate itself or when normal cell mutate. this process is caused by changes to the DNA in the cells. other lifestyle factor can be smoking, diet, alcohol, no physical activity and so on.
QUESTION: IS CANCER GENETIC?
ANSWER: It is very difficult to separate cancer from genetics because it has to do with the body DNA.
QUESTION: IS CANCER CURABLE?
ANSWER: Talking about cancer being curable, I will say yes and no depending at the stage of presentation of such cancer. I will say yes by saying that some cancers if detected early can have a success rate. for instance, someone with high risk of breast cancer (because of genetic make-up) can forehand decide to do some form of tissue removal from the body so that they are not prone to it. another instance is if a woman detects what looks like a small lump in the breast, if presented early in the clinic and it was identified that the lump is cancerous, if the whole cancer cell is still confined within the breast tissue, if it is removed, then the success rate is very high. however, if presented late, there are no possibilities because at that stage, there must have been what is called METASTATICS. which means that it must have spread round the body. at this stage, all that has to be done is what is called PALLIATIVE CARE which means to ensure to relief the burden of the disease in the person. so, early diagnosis is the key to management of cancer.
QUESTION: IS CANCER CANTAGIOUS?
ANSWER: Most of the cancer are not contagious. however, the risk or ethological agent in one or two type of cancer have been identified to be contagious. for instance, the cervical cancer has been closely linked to human papillomavirus, such that women who are infected with human papillomavirus are likely to come down with cervical cancer in later years. the commonest means of this transmission of virus is through sexual transmission but most other cancers are not contagious, they are mostly purely sporadic or genetic in their development.
QUESTION: HOW DOES CANCER GROW AND SPREAD?
ANSWER: The growth of cancer usually starts with one cell that misbehaves in the body which breach the wall of its environment to enter into surrounding tissues and spread to the whole body.
QUESTION: DOES CANCER HAVE STAGES?
ANSWER: Yes, cancer has stages. if we want to talk about the stages of cancer, people use different classification in staging cancer. however, the common one is called TNM. the T is the tumor, which means the cancer is still spreading within its vicinity. N is node, which means there are leave note around the cancer. M means metastatics, it means the cancer has spread outside the original site to other organs of the body.
QUESTION: ARE THERE CANCER VACCINES AND DOES IT HELP PREVENT CANCER?
ANSWER: There are cancer vaccines for prevention of cervical cancer which is giving to females between the ages of 9.
QUESTION: WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF CANCER GLOBALLY?
ANSWER: The commonest form of cancer can be gendered. for women, breast cancer and cervical cancer are common. for men, prostrate cancer is common. lung cancer and colorectal cancer (colon cancer) are common with both genders but cancer can develop from any tissue, from the eye to the finger to any tissue in the body.
QUESTION: WHAT ARE THE EARLY WARNING SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CANCER?
ANSWER: The symptoms of cancer depend on the tissue. for men who are prone to prostate cancer, symptoms could start with difficulty in urinating, straining to urinate, urinating frequently, all of this could be a pointer. for women who are prone to breast cancer, signs and symptoms could start with lump in the breast, change in the breast colour, pain in the breast, biting or crawling sensation in the breast, sometimes itching in the ni**le, bloody discharge from the ni**le etc. for lung cancer, there are symptoms like coughing, chest pain and weight loss. however, as a family physician, we donât wait to see all these signs and symptoms with our patients, we screen our patients effectively. during screening at times, we see patients who are asymptomatic.
QUESTION: WHAT CANCER HAS THE LOWEST SURVIVAL RATE?
Survival rate of a cancer patient depends on early detection of the cancer.
QUESTION: WHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF CANCER?
ANSWER: Treatment of cancer depends on early detection. when the cells are still confined within a particular tissue, there can be removal of the tissue. however, where removal cannot be done, there is chemotherapy because there are some cancers that are not operable probably because they are sitting close to a vital organ.
QUESTION: ARE THERE PREVENTIVE METHODS FOR CANCER?
ANSWER: Prevention is the best. we can prevent cancer by making some lifestyle changes like having good nutrition, exercising because some cancer has been linked to obesity, stop consumption of alcohol and taking sleep seriously. Also, early detection of cancer can put good prevention in place.
QUESTION: WHAT ARE THE LATEST ADVANCEMENTS IN CANCER TREATMENT?
ANSWER: The advancement we have in recent times is the use of vaccines to prevent the on-set of cancers like cervical cancer. We have vaccines like the HPV vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer in women which is caused by human papillomavirus. There are some other forms of cancer that outrightly might not be cancer itself initially. For instance, one risk factor is Hepatitis B & C, so we give vaccines for this virus to prevent cancer especially Hepatitis B.
QUESTION: WHAT ROLE IS THE STATE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL DOING TO CREATE AWARENESS FOR CANCER?
ANSWER: We are doing our best. Through all clinical point of service, we educate patients on the need of vaccines like hepatitis vaccine and HPV vaccine. We also educate them on how important having a good lifestyle is. Our dietitians give health talks on the need and importance of having good nutrition. Our facility also does screening test like the PSA, hepatitis test and so on. Beyond the hospital-based awareness, we are planning to do more community base awareness.
QUESTION: WHAT ADVICE DO YOU HAVE FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC?
ANSWER: Letâs take our health serious. We shouldnât wait to fall ill before visiting your doctor. Also, detect early signs and symptoms and seek the help of a physician.