13/09/2025
👉A MUST READ
TOPIC:DIPHTHERIA
DIPHTHERIA: This is a serious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
It mainly affects the throat and nose, but can also involve the skin and other organs.
*AGES DIPHTHERIA AFFECTS.
Diphtheria can affect people of all ages, but it is most dangerous for children.
Age groups commonly affected:
Children under 5 years and very vulnerable if not vaccinated.
School-aged children (5–14 years) and outbreaks occur where vaccination rates are low.
Adults (especially over 40 years) and risk increases if booster vaccinations were not received, because immunity can wane over time.
👉 The highest risk groups are young children and unvaccinated adults, as they are more likely to suffer severe complications or death.
CAUSES OF DIPHTHERIA:
It's Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
The bacteria produce a toxin that damages tissues and organs.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
*Spread from person to person through respiratory droplets (coughing, sneezing).
Can also spread by touching contaminated objects or skin lesions.
SYMPTOMS OF DIPHTHERIA
*Sore throat and difficulty swallowing.
*Thick gray/white coating (pseudomembrane) in the throat or tonsils.
*Swollen neck (“bull neck” appearance).
*Fever and weakness.
*Reddish eye
*In severe cases, breathing difficulties, heart, and nerve damage due to the toxin.
Etc....
COMPLICATIONS OF DIPHTHERIA
*Breathing obstruction.
*Myocarditis (heart inflammation).
*Nerve paralysis.
Can be fatal if untreated.
PREVENTION OF DIPHTHERIA
*Diphtheria vaccine (DPT/DTaP/Tdap)
given in childhood and booster doses later in life.
*Good hygiene and avoiding contact with infected individuals.
TREATMENT OF DIPHTHERIA
*Diphtheria antitoxin
(neutralizes the toxin).
*Antibiotics kill's the bacteria.
*Supportive care (airway management if blocked).
👉 Diphtheria is rare today in countries with widespread vaccination,
but it can still cause outbreaks where vaccination rates are low.
Your's truly Scientist Happy Cj