Medicmaths

08/20/2022

06/06/2022

Check out twins/male s*x
https://youtu.be/6rUcSHZqYmg

at 20weeks gestation with s*x visibility.

06/06/2022

Today I will be sharing what you to know about twin pregnancy.

Expecting Twins or Triplets

If you’re pregnant with more than one baby, it’s called a multiple birth. Two babies are twins and three are triplets. Multiple pregnancies are becoming more common as more women are using fertility treatments and getting pregnant at an older age. You are at a higher risk of complications like premature birth, preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction with a multiple pregnancy.

What is a multiple pregnancy?

A multiple pregnancy is a pregnancy where you’re carrying more than one baby at a time. If you’re carrying two babies, they are called twins. Three babies that are carried during one pregnancy are called triplets. You can also carry more than three babies at one time (high-order multiples). There are typically more risks linked to a multiple pregnancy than a singleton (carrying only one baby) pregnancy.



How do multiple pregnancies happen?

There are two main ways that a multiple pregnancy can happen:

• One fertilized egg (o**m) splits before it implants in the uterine lining.

• Two or more separate eggs are fertilized by different s***m at the same time.

These two different types of multiple pregnancy result in either identical or fraternal siblings. The difference between identical and fraternal babies goes back to how the multiple pregnancy happens.

Identical twins or triplets happen when a single egg is fertilized and then later splits. These newly divided embryos are identical. Children that are identical multiples will look like each other and be the same s*x.

Fraternal multiples develop from separate eggs that are fertilized by a different s***m. Because these are different eggs and different s***m, the genetic material is varied. These children won’t look identical and can be different s*xes from each other.

In triplets or more, your babies could be all identical, all fraternal or a mixture of both. https://youtu.be/6rUcSHZqYmg

03/21/2021

Vein used to draw blood

03/21/2021

Epilepsy education

03/21/2021

Pelvic inflammatory disease

09/14/2020

Acute cystitis is defined as the acute infectious inflammation of the urinary bladder. Uncomplicated acute cystitis means that the patient does not have any structural abnormalities and is not immunocompromised. Patients usually present with dysuria, urinary urgency, urinary frequency, and suprapubic pain/tenderness. Urine analysis usually reveals pyuria. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the treatment of choice for uncomplicated cases, while ciprofloxacin should be preserved for complicated cases.

09/12/2020

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID, Pelvic Infection) — Diagnosis and Treatment

Pelvic inflammatory disease is infectious in etiology and is closely linked to s*xually transmitted disease. Pelvic inflammatory disease is common in the United States with an estimated incidence of 2.5 million. The condition can be diagnosed clinically, with lower abdominal pain, cervical motion tenderness, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and fever. Once diagnosed, the patient should be put on empirical antibiotic therapy that should cover gonorrhea, chlamydia, gram-negative organisms and anaerobes. Patients with complications, such as abscess formation or sepsis, might benefit from laparoscopic surgery.



Image : “Pap smear showing clamydia in the vacuoles” by Unknown. License: Public Domain

Definition of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is defined as an infectious disease of the upper female reproductive system. This infection usually affects the uterus, fallopian tubes and, in some patients, the ovaries. PID is closely linked with s*xually transmitted diseases and the most commonly implicated organisms are chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Gardnerella vaginalis.

Epidemiology of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a common condition in the United States and approximately 2.5 million women develop PID per year. Up to 150,000 patients are hospitalized per year because of PID. Occurs in 40% of women developing endocervicitis from untreated Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis.

Pelvic inflammatory disease is more common in women in their reproductive years, usually in their twenties, who are menstruating and who have multiple s*xual partners.

Etiology of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infectious disorder. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the two most commonly identified etiological organisms of PID.

Approximately, 20% of women who are untreate

09/12/2020

Malaria- Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Prevention

Definition

Malaria is one of the major public health problems of the country. Around 1.5 million confirmed cases are reported annually by the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), of which 40–50% is due to Plasmodium falciparum. Malaria is curable if effective treatment is started early. Delay in treatment may lead to serious consequences including death. Prompt and effective treatment is also important for controlling the transmission of malaria.

Epidemiology

2 billion people live in areas at risk of malaria transmission in 106 countries and territories.

The World Health Organization estimates that in 2016 malaria caused 216 million clinical episodes and 445,000 deaths.

Types

Parasites of the genus Plasmodium cause malaria. Although there are many species of Plasmodium, only five infect humans and cause malaria.

P. falciparum: Found in tropical and subtropical areas; major contributor to deaths from severe malaria

P. vivax: Found in Asia and Latin America; has a dormant stage that can cause relapses

P. ovale: Found in Africa and the Pacific islands

P. malariae: Worldwide; can cause a chronic infection

P. knowlesi: Found throughout Southeast Asia; can rapidly progress from an uncomplicated case to a severe malaria infection

Parasite life cycle

The life cycle of the falciparum malaria parasite is complex. When an infectious mosquito feeds on a human being, parasites (called sporozoites) are injected into the bloodstream. From here they travel directly to the liver where they mature for about 6 days. At this stage, there are no symptoms of disease in the person who has been infected.

The life cycle of the malarial parasite

Infections begin when the following stages occur:

Sporozoites, the infective stages, are injected by a mosquito and are carried around the body until they invade liver hepatocytes.

Then it undergoes a phase of as*xual multiplication (exoerythrocytic schizogony)

09/12/2020

Malaria- Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Prevention
Definition
Malaria is one of the major public health problems of the country. Around 1.5 million confirmed cases are reported annually by the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), of which 40–50% is due to Plasmodium falciparum. Malaria is curable if effective treatment is started early. Delay in treatment may lead to serious consequences including death. Prompt and effective treatment is also important for controlling the transmission of malaria.

Epidemiology
2 billion people live in areas at risk of malaria transmission in 106 countries and territories.
The World Health Organization estimates that in 2016 malaria caused 216 million clinical episodes and 445,000 deaths.
Types
Parasites of the genus Plasmodium cause malaria. Although there are many species of Plasmodium, only five infect humans and cause malaria.

P. falciparum: Found in tropical and subtropical areas; major contributor to deaths from severe malaria

P. vivax: Found in Asia and Latin America; has a dormant stage that can cause relapses

P. ovale: Found in Africa and the Pacific islands

P. malariae: Worldwide; can cause a chronic infection

P. knowlesi: Found throughout Southeast Asia; can rapidly progress from an uncomplicated case to a severe malaria infection

Parasite life cycle
The life cycle of the falciparum malaria parasite is complex. When an infectious mosquito feeds on a human being, parasites (called sporozoites) are injected into the bloodstream. From here they travel directly to the liver where they mature for about 6 days. At this stage, there are no symptoms of disease in the person who has been infected.

The life cycle of the malarial parasite
Infections begin when the following stages occur:

Sporozoites, the infective stages, are injected by a mosquito and are carried around the body until they invade liver hepatocytes.
Then it undergoes a phase of as*xual multiplication (exoerythrocytic schizogony) resultin