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Dr. Idris Muhammad, ZARIA, Zaria (2025)

06/08/2025

📘 Course Title: General Mathematics
📎 Course Code: MTH 111
🏫 Programme: National Diploma (ND) in Public Health Technology
⏱️ Duration: 30 Hours (Lecture Only)
🎓 Credit Unit: 2 Units

🔷 Lecture 2: Logarithms | Darasi na 2: Logaritms

🎯 Objectives | Manufar Darasi:

🔹 To understand the concept and laws of logarithms.
Domin fahimtar ma’anar logaritm da dokokinta.

🔹 To convert between exponential and logarithmic forms.
Domin sauya matsayi tsakanin tsarin ƙarfi (exponential) da tsarin logaritm.

🔹 To apply logarithms in simplifying complex calculations in public health.
Domin amfani da logaritm wajen sauƙaƙe lissafi a fannin kiwon lafiya.

📘 Content | Abun ciki:

📌 1. What is a Logarithm? | Menene Logaritm?

🔹 A logarithm answers the question: To what power must a number (base) be raised to get another number?
Logaritm yana amsa tambayar: Sau nawa ne za a ɗaga lamba (tushe) don a samu wata lamba?

🔸 Example: log₁₀(100) = 2 because 10² = 100
🔹 Misali: log₁₀(100) = 2 domin 10² = 100

📌 2. Converting Between Exponential and Logarithmic Form | Sauya Daga Tsari zuwa Wani:

🔹 Exponential form: a^x = N
Tsarin ƙarfi: a^x = N

🔹 Logarithmic form: logₐ(N) = x
Tsarin logaritm: logₐ(N) = x

🔸 Example: 2³ = 8 → log₂(8) = 3
🔹 Misali: 2³ = 8 → log₂(8) = 3

📌 3. Laws of Logarithms | Dokokin Logaritm:

✅ a. Product Rule (Ƙa’idar Ƙari):
🔹 logₐ(xy) = logₐ(x) + logₐ(y)
🔸 Example: log₁₀(100 × 10) = log₁₀(100) + log₁₀(10) = 2 + 1 = 3
🔹 Misali: log₁₀(100 × 10) = log₁₀(100) + log₁₀(10) = 2 + 1 = 3

✅ b. Quotient Rule (Ƙa’idar Rabo):
🔹 logₐ(x/y) = logₐ(x) - logₐ(y)
🔸 Example: log₁₀(100/10) = log₁₀(100) - log₁₀(10) = 2 - 1 = 1
🔹 Misali: log₁₀(100/10) = log₁₀(100) - log₁₀(10) = 2 - 1 = 1

✅ c. Power Rule (Ƙa’idar Ƙarfi):
🔹 logₐ(xⁿ) = n × logₐ(x)
🔸 Example: log₁₀(10³) = 3 × log₁₀(10) = 3 × 1 = 3
🔹 Misali: log₁₀(10³) = 3 × log₁₀(10) = 3 × 1 = 3

✅ d. Change of Base Formula (Sauya Tushe):
🔹 logᵦ(N) = logₐ(N) / logₐ(ᵦ)
🔸 Example: log₂(8) = log₁₀(8) / log₁₀(2) = 0.903 / 0.301 = 3
🔹 Misali: log₂(8) = log₁₀(8) / log₁₀(2) = 0.903 / 0.301 = 3

🩺 Applications in Public Health | Amfani a Fannin Lafiya:

✅ 1. pH Scale (Acidity/Alkalinity):
🔹 pH = -log₁₀[H⁺]
🔹 pH = -log₁₀[H⁺]

🔸 If H⁺ = 0.001 → pH = -log(0.001) = 3
🔹 Idan H⁺ = 0.001 → pH = -log(0.001) = 3

🔹 pH yana bayyana tsananin ɗaci ko ɗanɗano a cikin ruwa ko jini.
Yana da amfani wajen tantance sinadarai masu illa ga lafiyar jiki.

✅ 2. Population Growth (Ƙarar Yawan Jama'a):

🔹 N = N₀ × eʳᵗ → log(N) = log(N₀) + rt
🔹 Yawan jama'a = yawan farko × eʳᵗ → log(N) = log(N₀) + rt

🔸 Example: If a town has 1000 people and grows at 5% per year, after 3 years:
Misali: Idan gari na da mutane 1000, yana ƙaruwa da 5% a shekara, bayan shekaru 3:
🔹 N = 1000 × e^(0.05 × 3) = 1000 × e⁰.¹⁵ ≈ 1161.83
🔹 N = 1000 × e⁰.¹⁵ ≈ 1161.83

🧠 Practice | Aiki da Hannu:

🔹 Students use log tables or calculators to:

🔸 Simplify complex multiplications.

🔸 Solve exponential/logarithmic equations.

🔸 Calculate pH and estimate growth.

🔹 Dalibai su yi amfani da jadawalin log ko kalkuleta su:

🔸 Sauƙaƙe ninkuwa masu wuya.

🔸 Warware lissafi na exponential da logaritm.

🔸 Lissafa pH da hasashen yawan jama'a.

🧰 Tools Needed | Kayan Aiki:

✅ Textbooks | Litattafai

✅ Scientific calculators | Kalkuleta mai fasaha

✅ Whiteboard & markers | Allon rubutu da alƙalami

✅ Log tables | Jadawalin Logaritm

✅ Evaluation | Kwatance:

📝 Classwork (Lissafi a aji)

📚 Assignment (Aikin gida)

🧪 Test (Jarabawa)

Lecture note by Idris M Muhammad ✍️
Follow this page for more 📘

06/08/2025

🟨 Day 12: Repentance and Allah’s Forgiveness

🕋 Topic: Tawbah (Repentance) and Rahmah (Mercy)

📖 Qur’an Verse – Surah Az-Zumar 39:53

🌟 Arabic:
يَا عِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِهِمْ لَا تَقْنَطُوا مِن رَّحْمَةِ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ جَمِيعًا ۚ

🌟 English:
“O My servants who have wronged themselves, do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Indeed, Allah forgives all sins.”

🌟 Hausa:
“Ya bayina waɗanda s**a yi laifi a kan kansu, kada ku yanke tsammani daga rahamar Allah. Lalle Allah yana gafarta dukkan zunubai.”

📝 Explanation Example:
🔹 English: Even if a person sins many times, Allah can still forgive if they repent sincerely.
🔹 Hausa: Ko mutum ya yi laifi sau da dama, Allah zai iya gafarta idan ya tuba da gaske.
🔹 Arabic: إِذَا تَابَ العَبْدُ صِدْقًا، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَغْفِرُ لَهُ وَلَوْ كَثُرَت ذُنُوبُهُ.

📜 Hadith – Sahih Muslim

🌟 Arabic:
«لَلَّهُ أَشَدُّ فَرَحًا بِتَوْبَةِ عَبْدِهِ، مِنْ أَحَدِكُمْ وَقَعَ عَلَى بَعِيرِهِ وَقَدْ أَضَلَّهُ فِي أَرْضٍ فَلَاةٍ»

🌟 English:
“Allah is more pleased with the repentance of His servant than one of you who finds his lost camel in a desert.”

🌟 Hausa:
“Allah yana farin ciki da tuba fiye da yadda mutum zai ji idan ya samu rakumarsa da ta ɓace a cikin jeji.”

📝 Explanation Example:
🔹 English: This shows how much Allah loves when we return to Him.
🔹 Hausa: Wannan yana nuna yadda Allah ke son bayinsa su koma gare Shi.
🔹 Arabic: يُبَيِّنُ هَذَا الحَدِيثُ مَدى فَرَحِ اللَّهِ بِتَوْبَةِ العَبْدِ.

✅ Key Points to Remember

🔸 English: Never lose hope in Allah’s mercy—He is always ready to forgive.
🔸 Hausa: Kada ku yanke tsammani daga rahamar Allah—Yana shirye ya gafarta.
🔸 Arabic: لَا تَيْأَسُوا مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ – إِنَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ.

ALLAH IS OUR ONLY HOPE ✅
FOLLOW THIS PAGE FOR MORE 📘

06/08/2025

📘 Course Title: General Mathematics
📎 Course Code: MTH 111
🏫 Programme: National Diploma (ND) in Public Health Technology
⏱️ Duration: 30 Hours (Lecture Only)
🎓 Credit Unit: 2 Units

🔷 Lecture 1: Law of Indices | Darasi na 1: Dokokin Indis

🎯 Objectives | Manufar Darasin:

🔹 To understand and apply the laws of indices.
Domin fahimta da amfani da dokokin indis.

🔹 To solve public health problems like drug dosage and population growth.
Domin warware matsalolin kiwon lafiya kamar yadda ake rage kashi na magani da karin yawan jama'a.

📘 Content | Abun ciki:

🧮 1. Law of Indices | Dokokin Indis:

✅ a. Product Law:

🔹 aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ
aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ
🔸 Example: 2³ × 2² = 2⁵ = 32
🔹 Misali: 2³ × 2² = 2⁵ = 32

✅ b. Quotient Law:

🔹 aᵐ ÷ aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ
aᵐ ÷ aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ
🔸 Example: 5⁶ ÷ 5² = 5⁴ = 625
🔹 Misali: 5⁶ ÷ 5² = 5⁴ = 625

✅ c. Zero Index:

🔹 a⁰ = 1 (a ≠ 0)
a⁰ = 1 (idan a ba 0 bane)
🔸 Example: 10⁰ = 1
🔹 Misali: 10⁰ = 1

✅ d. Negative Index:

🔹 a⁻ⁿ = 1/aⁿ
a⁻ⁿ = 1/aⁿ
🔸 Example: 2⁻³ = 1/8
🔹 Misali: 2⁻³ = 1/8

✅ e. Power of a Power:

🔹 (aᵐ)ⁿ = aᵐⁿ
(aᵐ)ⁿ = aᵐⁿ
🔸 Example: (3²)³ = 3⁶ = 729
🔹 Misali: (3²)³ = 3⁶ = 729

✅ f. Fractional Index:

🔹 a¹/ⁿ = ⁿ√a
a¹/ⁿ = ⁿ√a
🔸 Example: 16¹/² = √16 = 4
🔹 Misali: 16¹/² = √16 = 4

🩺 Applications in Public Health | Amfani a Fannin Lafiya:

✅ Drug Dosage Example: Half-Life
🔹 A drug has a half-life of 6 hours. If 100mg is taken, how much remains after 12 hours?
🔹 Magani yana da rayuwar rabi na awa 6. Idan an sha 100mg, nawa ya rage bayan awa 12?
🔸 Solution: After 6 hours = 50mg, After 12 hours = 25mg → 100 × (½)² = 25mg
🔹 Amsa: Bayan awa 6 = 50mg, Bayan awa 12 = 25mg → 100 × (½)² = 25mg

✅ Disease Growth Example: Malaria Spread
🔹 Malaria cases double every 3 days. If 10 cases today, how many in 9 days?
🔹 Yawan masu zazzabin cizon sauro yana ninkuwa sau biyu duk bayan kwana 3. Idan akwai mutum 10 yau, nawa za su zama bayan kwana 9?
🔸 Solution: After 9 days = 10 × 2³ = 80 cases
🔹 Amsa: Bayan kwana 9 = 10 × 2³ = 80 mutane

🧠 Class Activities | Ayyukan Aji:

🔸 Teacher explains each law using simple numbers and public health scenarios.
Malami zai bayyana kowanne doka da sauki da misalai daga kiwon lafiya.

🔸 Students solve exercises like population increase, virus spread, and dosage calculation.
Dalibai za su warware misalai irin su karin jama'a, yaduwar cuta, da lissafin magani.

🧰 Tools Needed | Kayan Aiki:

🔹 Whiteboard & Markers | Allon rubutu da alƙalami
🔹 Projector | Na'urar nuni
🔹 Textbooks | Litattafai

✅ Evaluation | Kwatance:

🔸 Class Quiz | Tambayoyin aji
🔸 Homework | Aikin gida
🔸 Group work on real-life health calculations | Aikin rukuni akan misalan kiwon lafiya

Lecture note by Idris M Muhammad ✍️
Follow this page for more ✅

06/08/2025

📘 COURSE TITLE: ESSENTIAL MEDICINES
📎 Course Code: CHE 307 | 🧮 Credit Units: 2.0 | ⏳ Duration: 30 Hours
🏫 Programme: Diploma in Community Health (300 Level)
📅 Semester: First Semester

📗 LECTURE 5: Drug Revolving Fund (DRF)

🎯 Objectives:
✅ Understand the concept of DRF
✅ Learn how to set up and manage a DRF
✅ Identify causes of failure in DRF systems

📚 Content:

🔹 1. Definition of Drug Revolving Fund (DRF)

📌 English: A Drug Revolving Fund (DRF) is a system where money from drug sales is used to replenish the stock.
📌 Hausa: DRF wata hanya ce inda ake amfani da kuɗin da aka samu daga sayar da magunguna don sake siyan sabbin magunguna.

💡 Example: Amina Muhammad explained to patients that their payment helps restock drugs.
💡 Misali: Amina Muhammad ta yi wa marasa lafiya bayani cewa kuɗin da s**a biya yana taimaka wajen siyan sabbin magunguna.

🔹 2. Steps to Set Up a DRF

📘 English: To establish a successful DRF, follow these four key steps:
📘 Hausa: Don kafa DRF mai nasara, sai a bi waɗannan matakai guda huɗu:

🔸 Step 1 – Initial Capital
✅ English: Start-up funds may come from government, NGOs, or community donations.
✅ Hausa: Kuɗin farawa na iya fitowa daga gwamnati, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ko gudummawar al’umma.
💡 Example: Kaduna State Ministry of Health provided seed money for DRF in PHCs.
💡 Misali: Ma’aikatar Lafiya ta Jihar Kaduna ta bayar da kuɗin farawa don DRF a cibiyoyin lafiya.

🔸 Step 2 – Drug Procurement
✅ English: Use the capital to purchase essential medicines at affordable prices.
✅ Hausa: A yi amfani da kuɗin wajen siyan magungunan da s**a fi muhimmanci cikin araha.
💡 Example: Abubakar assisted in purchasing malaria and antibiotics for DRF startup at Kofar Kibo PHC.
💡 Misali: Abubakar ya taimaka wajen siyan magungunan malaria da na bacteria don farawa da DRF a PHC Kofar Kibo.

🔸 Step 3 – Sales of Medicines
✅ English: Medicines are sold at a small profit to recover cost and sustain the fund.
✅ Hausa: Ana sayar da magunguna da ƙaramin riba don dawo da kuɗi da ci gaba da gudanar da shirin.
💡 Example: Zainab I Dangarimu ensured fair pricing so the community could afford medicines.
💡 Misali: Zainab I Dangarimu ta tabbatar da farashin da kowa zai iya biya a cikin al’umma.

🔸 Step 4 – Reinvestment
✅ English: Money from sales is reinvested to restock medicines and expand the DRF.
✅ Hausa: Ana amfani da kuɗin da aka samu daga sayarwa don sake siyan magunguna da faɗaɗa DRF.
💡 Example: Amatullah recorded all income and ensured restocking was done monthly.
💡 Misali: Amatullah tana rubuta duk kuɗin shiga kuma tana tabbatar da a siyo sababbin magunguna duk wata.

🔹 3. Advantages of a Well-Managed DRF

✅ English: A well-managed DRF ensures continuous availability of medicines.
✅ Hausa: DRF mai kyau yana tabbatar da cewa magunguna koyaushe suna samuwa.

📎 Key Advantages:
➕ Sustainability: The fund keeps going without waiting for donations.
➕ Hausa: Ci gaba: Ana tafiyar da shirin ba tare da jiran gudummawa ba.
💡 Example: At Jama’atu School PHC, DRF helped maintain steady supply of Paracetamol.
💡 Misali: A PHC Jama’atu School, DRF ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da Paracetamol koyaushe yana nan.

➕ Reduces Stockouts: Prevents running out of medicines.
➕ Hausa: Hana ƙarancin magunguna: DRF yana rage yawan lokutan da magunguna ke ƙarewa.
💡 Example: With DRF, Zaria LG clinic avoided running out of ORS during diarrhea outbreak.
💡 Misali: Da DRF, asibitin Zaria LG bai ƙare da ORS ba lokacin da aka samu barkewar gudawa.

🔹 4. Common Causes of DRF Failure

📌 English: Many DRFs fail due to poor planning and mismanagement.
📌 Hausa: Yawancin DRF suna gaza saboda rashin tsari da rashin kyau wajen gudanarwa.

🚫 Mismanagement:
– Poor recordkeeping, no reinvestment.
– Hausa: Rashin kiyaye bayanai da rashin amfani da kuɗi wajen sake siyan magunguna.

🚫 Pilfering (Theft):
– Medicines or cash may be stolen.
– Hausa: Sata: Magunguna ko kuɗi na iya bacewa.

🚫 Poor Pricing:
– Too high or too low prices affect sustainability.
– Hausa: Farashin da bai dace ba: Idan yayi yawa ko ya yi ƙasa, yana iya rushe tsarin.

🚫 Lack of Community Involvement:
– People lose trust if not involved.
– Hausa: Rashin haɗin kai da al’umma: Idan ba a haɗa da mutane ba, suna rasa amincewa.

💡 Example: A DRF failed in a nearby PHC because no one tracked the money or expiry dates.
💡 Misali: Wani DRF ya gaza a wata PHC saboda babu wanda ke lura da kuɗi ko kwanan ƙarewar magunguna.

📝 Class Assignment:

1️⃣ Describe how you would set up a DRF in a rural PHC with limited resources.
1️⃣ Bayyana yadda za ka kafa DRF a wata PHC a ƙauye da ke da ƙarancin albarkatu.

2️⃣ List 3 advantages and 3 causes of failure of a DRF.
2️⃣ Lissafa fa’idodi 3 da dalilan gazawar DRF guda 3.

Lecture note by Idris M Muhammad ✍️
Follow this page for more ✅

06/08/2025

📘 Lecture 9: Clinic Management Using Standing Orders

Course: CHE 303 – Care of Persons with Special Needs
Programme: Diploma in Community Health (300 Level CHEW)
Credit: 2 Units
Contact Hours: 2

🎯 Learning Objectives

By the end of this lecture, students should be able to:
✅ Explain the purpose of Standing Orders in clinical settings
✅ Select and administer medications correctly under Standing Orders
✅ Perform basic medication calculations
✅ Demonstrate triage and decision-making using simulated patient scenarios

🔷 1. Overview of Standing Orders for CHEWs

🔹 English: Standing Orders are written guidelines that authorize CHEWs to treat certain conditions without waiting for a doctor.
🔹 Hausa: Dokokin tsaye (Standing Orders) rubuce-rubuce ne da ke ba CHEWs izinin kula da wasu cututtuka ba tare da jira likita ba.
👉 Example: Amina used the Standing Order to treat a child with malaria using artemether-lumefantrine.
👉 Misali: Amina ta yi amfani da Standing Order ta ba yaro maganin zazzabin cizon sauro – artemether-lumefantrine.

🔹 English: They help save time and respond quickly to common illnesses.
🔹 Hausa: Suna taimakawa wajen ceton lokaci da kula da cututtuka cikin gaggawa.
👉 Example: Umar treated diarrhoea with ORS and zinc under the Standing Order.
👉 Misali: Umar ya kula da gudawa da ORS da zinc bisa ka'idar Standing Order.

🔶 2. Selecting and Administering Appropriate Medications

🔹 English: CHEWs must know which drug to give, the correct dose, and the correct route.
🔹 Hausa: CHEWs su san irin maganin da ya dace, adadin da ya kamata, da hanyar ba da maganin.
👉 Example: Hanatu gave paracetamol syrup 5ml to a 1-year-old with fever.
👉 Misali: Hanatu ta ba jariri mai shekara ɗaya syrup na paracetamol 5ml don zazzabi.

🔹 English: Always check the patient’s weight, age, and symptoms.
🔹 Hausa: A kullum a duba nauyin mara lafiya, shekarunsa da alamomin cuta.
👉 Example: Fatima calculated the dose of amoxicillin based on the child’s weight.
👉 Misali: Fatima ta ƙididdige maganin amoxicillin bisa nauyin yaron.

🔷 3. Medication Calculation Exercises (Aikin Ƙididdigar Magani)

🔹 English:

Formula: Dose (mg) = Weight (kg) × Dose per kg

Always convert units if needed (mg to ml)
🔹 Hausa:

Tsari: Adadin (mg) = Nauyin jiki (kg) × Kwayar da ake buƙata a kowanne kg

A sauya sikelin ma’auni idan ya zama dole (mg zuwa ml)

👉 Example:
🔹 English: A child weighs 10kg and needs 15mg/kg of a drug = 10 × 15 = 150mg
🔹 Hausa: Yaro yana da nauyin 10kg, kuma yana buƙatar 15mg/kg = 10 × 15 = 150mg
👉 Convert to ml if 125mg = 5ml → 150mg = 6ml
👉 A sauya zuwa ml: 125mg = 5ml → 150mg = 6ml

🔶 4. Scenario Practice: Clinic Triage Simulation

🔹 English: Triage helps decide which patients need urgent attention.
🔹 Hausa: Triage yana taimakawa tantance waɗanda ke bukatar kulawa da gaggawa.
👉 Example: Asmau saw a child with fast breathing and fever – she prioritized that child first.
👉 Misali: Asmau ta ga yaro da saurin numfashi da zazzabi – ta fara da shi.

🔹 English: Use clinical signs, temperature, and symptoms to group patients.
🔹 Hausa: Yi amfani da alamomi na jiki, zafin jiki da ƙorafin marasa lafiya don rarrabawa.
👉 Example: Kasimu grouped patients with mild symptoms for later review.
👉 Misali: Kasimu ya ware marasa lafiya da ƙaramin matsala don a duba daga baya.

🔹 English: Simulate using Standing Orders to decide treatment.
🔹 Hausa: Yi kwaikwayo ta amfani da Standing Order don tantance magani da kulawa.
👉 Example: Bilkisu treated cough with cotrimoxazole after checking for pneumonia signs.
👉 Misali: Bilkisu ta ba da cotrimoxazole don tari bayan ta tabbatar babu alamar ciwon huhu.

🧪 Skill Station Activity

Students: Hanatu, Umar, Bilikis, Kasimu, Amina
Tasks:
✅ Calculate doses for 3 simulated patients
✅ Demonstrate giving oral and injectable medications using Standing Orders
✅ Simulate triage and decision-making in a busy clinic setup

📝 Summary (Taƙaitaccen Bayani)

✅ Standing Orders allow CHEWs to provide timely care for common illnesses
✅ Drug selection and dosage must be based on age, weight, and guidelines
✅ Triage helps manage clinic flow and prioritize critical cases
✅ CHEWs must master calculations and confidently manage cases using protocols

🏁 Take-Home Assignment

🖊️ Select 3 common conditions covered under Standing Orders (e.g. malaria, diarrhoea, pneumonia).
For each:

List symptoms

State the treatment

Calculate a dose for a 12kg child

🖊️ Zaɓi cututtuka 3 da ke cikin Standing Orders (misali: zazzabin cizon sauro, gudawa, ciwon huhu).
Ga kowanne:

Rubuta alamomi

Rubuta magani

Ƙididdige magani ga yaro mai nauyin 12kg

Lecture note by Idris M Muhammad ✍️
Follow this page for more ✅

05/08/2025

🗃️ UNIT 2: Nursing Information Management & Electronic Health Records (EHRs)

📘 Course: Introduction to Nursing Informatics (GNS 113)
📍 Level: 100L Basic Nursing
📆 Semester: First Semester
🕒 Lecture Duration: 4 Hours
🏥 School Example: ABUTH Zaria

📂 1. Definition & Features of EHR

🔹 Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a digital version of a patient’s paper chart, accessible through computers or tablets.
🔹 Electronic Health Record (EHR) wata hanyar adana bayanan lafiyar marasa lafiya a cikin kwamfuta ne, wanda ake iya budewa ta kwamfuta ko allon kwamfuta.

🔹 EHRs contain patient information such as history, medications, allergies, lab results, and progress notes.
🔹 EHRs suna dauke da bayanai irin su tarihin lafiya, magunguna, rashin lafiyan da ke damun mara lafiya, sakamakon gwaje-gwaje, da bayanan ci gaba.

👨‍⚕️ Example: Nurse Musa opens a patient's EHR to view their lab test results before giving medication.
👨‍⚕️ Misali: Nas Musa ya bude EHR domin ganin sakamakon gwajin jini kafin ya ba mara lafiya magani.

📋 2. Types of Health Records: Paper-based vs. Electronic

🔹 Paper-based records are physical files stored in folders or shelves.
🔹 Takardun jinya na gargajiya takardu ne da ake adanawa a cikin fayiloli ko akwatuna.

🔹 Electronic records are stored in computers, making them easier to search, update, and share.
🔹 Takardun jinya na kwamfuta ana adanawa ne cikin kwamfuta, hakan yana saukaka bincike, sabunta bayanai da raba su.

🔹 Paper-based records can be lost or damaged easily, while EHRs are safer and more organized.
🔹 Takardun gargajiya suna iya lalacewa ko bacewa da sauki, amma EHR na da tsaro kuma an tsara su da kyau.

👩‍⚕️ Example: Nurse Aisha spends 20 minutes finding a file on paper, but just 2 minutes using EHR.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Nas Aisha ta dauki minti 20 tana neman takarda, amma ta dauki minti 2 kawai ta amfani da EHR.

🔐 3. Data Quality, Access, and Security

🔹 Good data quality means the patient’s information is correct, complete, and up to date.
🔹 Ingancin bayanai yana nufin cewa bayanan mara lafiya sun cika, sun dace, kuma suna da sabunta.

🔹 Only authorized staff should access EHRs to protect patient privacy.
🔹 Ma’aikatan lafiya masu izini kawai za su iya bude EHR domin kare sirrin marasa lafiya.

🔹 Security features such as passwords and logins help prevent unauthorized access.
🔹 Kariya ta kwamfuta kamar kalmar sirri da shiga da izini suna hana wanda bai dace ba samun bayanai.

👨‍⚕️ Example: Nurse Idris logs out after checking a patient's record to ensure confidentiality.
👨‍⚕️ Misali: Nas Idris ya fita daga EHR bayan dubawa domin tabbatar da sirri.

🗂️ 4. Patient Documentation and Assessment Forms

🔹 Nurses use standardized forms to record patient assessments and progress.
🔹 Nas suna amfani da takardun da aka tsara don rubuta bayanan bincike da cigaban mara lafiya.

🔹 EHR provides templates for nursing notes, vital signs, medication charts, and care plans.
🔹 EHR yana dauke da tsare-tsare na rubutun jinya, alamu na lafiya, jadawalin magunguna, da shirye-shiryen kulawa.

🔹 Proper documentation supports decision-making and ensures continuity of care.
🔹 Rubuta bayanai yadda ya kamata yana taimakawa wajen yanke shawara da tabbatar da ci gaba da kulawa.

👩‍⚕️ Example: Halima Idris fills out a pain assessment form for a new patient.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Halima Idris ta cika fom din kimanta ciwo na wani sabon mara lafiya.

🔎 5. Information Retrieval Systems

🔹 EHRs use search features to help nurses find patient information quickly.
🔹 EHR yana amfani da hanyar bincike domin taimakawa nas su samu bayanai cikin sauki.

🔹 Nurses can search by patient name, date, diagnosis, or medication.
🔹 Nas na iya bincika ta suna, kwanan wata, cuta, ko magani.

🔹 This saves time and helps in emergency care situations.
🔹 Wannan yana adana lokaci kuma yana taimakawa a gaggawa.

👨‍⚕️ Example: Musa Idris types "malaria" into the system to see past treatments of a patient.
👨‍⚕️ Misali: Musa Idris ya rubuta "malaria" a cikin tsarin domin ganin yadda aka kula da mara lafiya a baya.

✅ END OF UNIT SUMMARY

🔹 Nursing Information Management involves storing, retrieving, and protecting patient data using both paper and electronic methods.
🔹 Gudanar da bayanan jinya yana nufin adanawa, nemo, da kare bayanan marasa lafiya ta amfani da takardu da tsarin kwamfuta.

🔹 EHR improves record-keeping, reduces errors, and supports better patient care.
🔹 EHR yana inganta adana bayanai, yana rage kura-kurai, kuma yana taimakawa wajen inganta kula da marasa lafiya.

🔹 Nurses must learn to use both paper and digital systems properly.
🔹 Nas dole su koyi yadda ake amfani da takardu da tsarin kwamfuta yadda ya kamata.

Lecture note by Idris M Muhammad ✍️
Follow this page for more 📘

05/08/2025

🧩 UNIT 1: Introduction to Nursing Informatics (4 Hrs)

📚 Lecture Note – GNS 113
🎓 Basic Nursing Programme – First Year, First Semester
🏥 Example School: Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria

🖥️ 1. Definition and Scope of Nursing Informatics

🔹 English:
Nursing Informatics is the integration of nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice.
👩‍⚕️ Example: Fatima Idris uses a computer to record a patient’s temperature and blood pressure during her ward rotation.

🔹 Hausa:
Bayani akan Kiwon Lafiya na Zamani (Nursing Informatics) shi ne hade ilimin jinya, ilimin kwamfuta, da fasahar sadarwa domin sarrafa da watsa bayanan lafiya.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Fatima Idris tana amfani da kwamfuta wajen rubuta zafin jikin mara lafiya da matsin jininsa a lokacin aikin gwaji a dakin jinya.

📊 2. Types of Nursing Informatics

🔹 English:
There are four major types of nursing informatics:
✅ Clinical
✅ Administrative
✅ Educational
✅ Research
👩‍⚕️ Example: Halima Idris uses clinical informatics to access patient lab results from the hospital database.

🔹 Hausa:
Akwai manyan nau'o'in Nursing Informatics guda hudu:
✅ Na jinya kai tsaye
✅ Na gudanarwa
✅ Na koyarwa
✅ Na bincike
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Halima Idris tana amfani da Clinical Informatics domin duba sakamakon gwajin jinin mara lafiya daga bayanan asibiti.

💡 3. Importance of Nursing Informatics to Patient Safety and Decision-Making

🔹 English:
Nursing Informatics improves the accuracy of patient care, enhances decision-making, and reduces medical errors.
👩‍⚕️ Example: Aisha Idris uses an electronic medication record to ensure the right drug is given at the right time.

🔹 Hausa:
Nursing Informatics yana inganta kula da mara lafiya, yana sauƙaƙa yanke hukunci, kuma yana rage kuskuren magani.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Aisha Idris tana amfani da kwamfutar da ke dauke da bayanan magani domin tabbatar da cewa an ba mara lafiya magani daidai a lokacin da ya dace.

🧰 4. Tools of Nursing Informatics

🔹 English:
Nurses use several tools in informatics:

Computers

Smartphones/Tablets

Data Collection Devices (e.g., thermometer with digital display)

Clinical Software

👨‍⚕️ Example: Idris Mohammed uses a tablet to enter a patient’s vital signs into a hospital app.

🔹 Hausa:
Nas ke amfani da wasu kayan aiki na zamani kamar haka:

Kwamfuta

Wayoyin zamani ko Allunan kwamfuta

Na’urar karɓar bayanai (misali: digital thermometer)

Manhajar asibiti

👨‍⚕️ Misali: Idris Mohammed yana amfani da allon kwamfuta wajen shigar da bayanan lafiyar mara lafiya cikin manhajar asibiti.

🔬 PRACTICAL SESSION (8 HOURS)

💻 A. Basic Introduction to Computer Hardware and Software

🔹 English:
Computer hardware includes physical parts like keyboard, mouse, monitor, and CPU.
Software includes programs like Microsoft Word and Excel.
👩‍⚕️ Example: Ameena Bala identifies the mouse and keyboard during a computer class.

🔹 Hausa:
Kayan komfuta na jiki sun hada da: maballin rubutu (keyboard), linzamin kwamfuta (mouse), da allon kwamfuta.
Manhajoji sun hada da: MS Word da MS Excel.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Ameena Bala ta bambance tsakanin linzami da maballin rubutu yayin karatun kwamfuta.

🎓 B. Typing & Using Microsoft Word for Nursing Notes

🔹 English:
Nurses use MS Word to type and save patient progress notes.
👩‍⚕️ Example: Fatima Idris types the daily progress note for a patient using MS Word.

🔹 Hausa:
Nas na amfani da MS Word wajen rubuta rahoton ci gaban marasa lafiya.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Fatima Idris tana amfani da MS Word wajen rubuta rahoton ci gaban mara lafiya.

📈 C. Using Excel for Health Data (Charts, Vitals Tracking)

🔹 English:
Excel is used to track vital signs like temperature, pulse, and blood pressure over time using charts.
👩‍⚕️ Example: Halima Idris draws a chart for a patient’s blood pressure readings over one week.

🔹 Hausa:
Ana amfani da MS Excel wajen rubuta da zana jadawalin bayanan lafiya kamar zafin jiki da bugun zuciya.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Halima Idris ta zana jadawalin matsin jinin mara lafiya na mako daya a Excel.

🖼️ D. PowerPoint: Creating Health Presentations

🔹 English:
PowerPoint helps students present health topics using slides and images.
👩‍⚕️ Example: Aisha Idris creates a slide show on malaria prevention.

🔹 Hausa:
Ana amfani da PowerPoint wajen gabatar da darussa ko batutuwan lafiya ta hanyar zane-zane da hotuna.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Aisha Idris ta shirya gabatarwa akan rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro.

🌐 E. Introduction to Internet Browsing & Health Resources

🔹 English:
Nurses can use the internet to search for drug information, nursing procedures, and recent health research.
👨‍⚕️ Example: Idris Mohammed searches Google for side effects of antibiotics.

🔹 Hausa:
Nas na iya amfani da intanet wajen bincike akan magunguna, hanyoyin jinya, da sababbin binciken lafiya.
👨‍⚕️ Misali: Idris Mohammed yana bincike a Google domin sanin illolin amfani da wasu magunguna.

✅ End of Unit Summary

📌 English:
Unit 1 introduces nursing informatics as a key part of modern health care. Nurses must be comfortable with computers, software, and tools like MS Word and Excel to document and manage patient care effectively.

📌 Hausa:
Wannan sashen ya bayyana yadda Nursing Informatics ke da muhimmanci a kiwon lafiya na zamani. Dole ne nas su iya amfani da kwamfuta da manhajoji irin su MS Word da Excel domin kula da marasa lafiya cikin sauki da inganci.

Lecture note by Idris M Muhammad ✍️✅
Follow this page for more 📘

05/08/2025

🧩 UNIT 1: Introduction to Nursing Informatics (4 Hrs)

📚 Lecture Note – GNS 113
🎓 Basic Nursing Programme – First Year, First Semester
🏥 Example School: Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria

🖥️ 1. Definition and Scope of Nursing Informatics

🔹 English:
Nursing Informatics is the integration of nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice.
👩‍⚕️ Example: Fatima Idris uses a computer to record a patient’s temperature and blood pressure during her ward rotation.

🔹 Hausa:
Bayani akan Kiwon Lafiya na Zamani (Nursing Informatics) shi ne hade ilimin jinya, ilimin kwamfuta, da fasahar sadarwa domin sarrafa da watsa bayanan lafiya.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Fatima Idris tana amfani da kwamfuta wajen rubuta zafin jikin mara lafiya da matsin jininsa a lokacin aikin gwaji a dakin jinya.

📊 2. Types of Nursing Informatics

🔹 English:
There are four major types of nursing informatics:
✅ Clinical
✅ Administrative
✅ Educational
✅ Research
👩‍⚕️ Example: Halima Idris uses clinical informatics to access patient lab results from the hospital database.

🔹 Hausa:
Akwai manyan nau'o'in Nursing Informatics guda hudu:
✅ Na jinya kai tsaye
✅ Na gudanarwa
✅ Na koyarwa
✅ Na bincike
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Halima Idris tana amfani da Clinical Informatics domin duba sakamakon gwajin jinin mara lafiya daga bayanan asibiti.

💡 3. Importance of Nursing Informatics to Patient Safety and Decision-Making

🔹 English:
Nursing Informatics improves the accuracy of patient care, enhances decision-making, and reduces medical errors.
👩‍⚕️ Example: Aisha Idris uses an electronic medication record to ensure the right drug is given at the right time.

🔹 Hausa:
Nursing Informatics yana inganta kula da mara lafiya, yana sauƙaƙa yanke hukunci, kuma yana rage kuskuren magani.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Aisha Idris tana amfani da kwamfutar da ke dauke da bayanan magani domin tabbatar da cewa an ba mara lafiya magani daidai a lokacin da ya dace.

🧰 4. Tools of Nursing Informatics

🔹 English:
Nurses use several tools in informatics:

Computers

Smartphones/Tablets

Data Collection Devices (e.g., thermometer with digital display)

Clinical Software

👨‍⚕️ Example: Idris Mohammed uses a tablet to enter a patient’s vital signs into a hospital app.

🔹 Hausa:
Nas ke amfani da wasu kayan aiki na zamani kamar haka:

Kwamfuta

Wayoyin zamani ko Allunan kwamfuta

Na’urar karɓar bayanai (misali: digital thermometer)

Manhajar asibiti

👨‍⚕️ Misali: Idris Mohammed yana amfani da allon kwamfuta wajen shigar da bayanan lafiyar mara lafiya cikin manhajar asibiti.

🔬 PRACTICAL SESSION (8 HOURS)

💻 A. Basic Introduction to Computer Hardware and Software

🔹 English:
Computer hardware includes physical parts like keyboard, mouse, monitor, and CPU.
Software includes programs like Microsoft Word and Excel.
👩‍⚕️ Example: Ameena Bala identifies the mouse and keyboard during a computer class.

🔹 Hausa:
Kayan komfuta na jiki sun hada da: maballin rubutu (keyboard), linzamin kwamfuta (mouse), da allon kwamfuta.
Manhajoji sun hada da: MS Word da MS Excel.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Ameena Bala ta bambance tsakanin linzami da maballin rubutu yayin karatun kwamfuta.

🎓 B. Typing & Using Microsoft Word for Nursing Notes

🔹 English:
Nurses use MS Word to type and save patient progress notes.
👩‍⚕️ Example: Fatima Idris types the daily progress note for a patient using MS Word.

🔹 Hausa:
Nas na amfani da MS Word wajen rubuta rahoton ci gaban marasa lafiya.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Fatima Idris tana amfani da MS Word wajen rubuta rahoton ci gaban mara lafiya.

📈 C. Using Excel for Health Data (Charts, Vitals Tracking)

🔹 English:
Excel is used to track vital signs like temperature, pulse, and blood pressure over time using charts.
👩‍⚕️ Example: Halima Idris draws a chart for a patient’s blood pressure readings over one week.

🔹 Hausa:
Ana amfani da MS Excel wajen rubuta da zana jadawalin bayanan lafiya kamar zafin jiki da bugun zuciya.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Halima Idris ta zana jadawalin matsin jinin mara lafiya na mako daya a Excel.

🖼️ D. PowerPoint: Creating Health Presentations

🔹 English:
PowerPoint helps students present health topics using slides and images.
👩‍⚕️ Example: Aisha Idris creates a slide show on malaria prevention.

🔹 Hausa:
Ana amfani da PowerPoint wajen gabatar da darussa ko batutuwan lafiya ta hanyar zane-zane da hotuna.
👩‍⚕️ Misali: Aisha Idris ta shirya gabatarwa akan rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro.

🌐 E. Introduction to Internet Browsing & Health Resources

🔹 English:
Nurses can use the internet to search for drug information, nursing procedures, and recent health research.
👨‍⚕️ Example: Idris Mohammed searches Google for side effects of antibiotics.

🔹 Hausa:
Nas na iya amfani da intanet wajen bincike akan magunguna, hanyoyin jinya, da sababbin binciken lafiya.
👨‍⚕️ Misali: Idris Mohammed yana bincike a Google domin sanin illolin amfani da wasu magunguna.

✅ End of Unit Summary

📌 English:
Unit 1 introduces nursing informatics as a key part of modern health care. Nurses must be comfortable with computers, software, and tools like MS Word and Excel to document and manage patient care effectively.

📌 Hausa:
Wannan sashen ya bayyana yadda Nursing Informatics ke da muhimmanci a kiwon lafiya na zamani. Dole ne nas su iya amfani da kwamfuta da manhajoji irin su MS Word da Excel domin kula da marasa lafiya cikin sauki da inganci.

Lecture note by Idris M Muhammad ✍️✅
Follow this page for more 📘

Dr. Idris Muhammad

06/08/2025

06/08/2025

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