04/01/2025
Sinusitis is an inflammation or infection of the sinuses, the air-filled spaces behind your forehead, cheeks, and eyes. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections, allergies, and structural issues. Here are the key symptoms and causes of sinusitis:
Symptoms of Sinusitis
Facial Pain or Pressure: Pain or pressure around the cheeks, eyes, forehead, or even the top of the head. This discomfort may worsen when you bend forward.
Nasal Congestion: Difficulty breathing through the nose due to swelling or blockage of the nasal passages.
Thick Nasal Discharge: A thick, yellow or greenish mucus may drain from the nose or down the back of the throat (postnasal drip).
Headache: A dull or severe headache, often related to the pressure in the sinus cavities.
Cough: Persistent coughing, which may worsen at night due to postnasal drip.
Sore Throat: Caused by mucus dripping down the back of the throat.
Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or lethargic.
Reduced Sense of Smell or Taste: Difficulty smelling or tasting things.
Fever: A mild fever may accompany sinusitis, especially if it is caused by an infection.
Bad Breath (Halitosis): Due to the mucus or infection in the sinuses.
Causes of Sinusitis
Viral Infections: Most cases of sinusitis are caused by viruses, like the common cold. When a viral infection leads to inflammation in the sinuses, it can block drainage and lead to sinusitis.
Bacterial Infections: After a viral infection, bacteria can cause a secondary infection in the sinuses. This usually occurs when the sinuses become blocked or when mucus builds up and becomes stagnant.
Allergies: Allergic reactions, such as hay fever, can cause inflammation and swelling in the sinuses, leading to sinusitis. Common allergens include pollen, mold, dust mites, and pet dander.
Nasal Polyps: Growths in the nasal passages or sinuses can block normal airflow and mucus drainage, increasing the risk of sinus infections.
Deviated Septum: A misalignment of the nasal septum can obstruct airflow and mucus drainage, making it easier for infections to develop.
Environmental Irritants: Exposure to pollutants, smoke, chemicals, or strong odors can irritate the sinuses and increase the likelihood of developing sinusitis.
Dental Infections: In rare cases, infections in the upper teeth or gums can spread to the sinuses, causing sinusitis.
Weakened Immune System: Conditions like HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or immunosuppressive treatments can make individuals more susceptible to infections, including sinusitis.
Structural Issues: Abnormalities in the structure of the sinuses, such as congenital defects or previous surgeries, can lead to frequent sinus infections.
Types of Sinusitis
Acute Sinusitis: Lasts for a few days to a few weeks, often following a cold or viral infection.
Subacute Sinusitis: Symptoms persist for 4–12 weeks.
Chronic Sinusitis: Lasts for 12 weeks or more, often with repeated flare-ups.
Recurrent Sinusitis: Multiple episodes occur in a year.
Treatment typically depends on the underlying cause, and it may include medications such as decongestants, antihistamines, nasal sprays, or antibiotics in case of bacterial infection. Severe cases may require surgical intervention, especially if caused by structural issues like nasal polyps or a deviated septum.
