07/04/2026
BLEPHARITIS
What Is Blepharitis?
Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelid margins that causes redness, swelling, irritation, and discomfort.
It is a common and often chronic condition, typically associated with bacterial overgrowth, dysfunction of the oil (meibomian) glands, or underlying skin disorders.
Pathophysiology
Blepharitis usually develops when:
โขExcess bacteria accumulate along the eyelid margin
โขMeibomian (oil) glands become blocked or dysfunctional
โขUnderlying skin conditions (e.g., seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea) trigger inflammation
These factors disrupt the normal tear film and lead to eyelid irritation and chronic inflammation.
Common Causes:
โขBacterial overgrowth along the eyelid margins
โขBlocked or dysfunctional meibomian glands
โขSeborrheic dermatitis
โขRosacea
โขAllergic reactions
โขInadequate eyelid hygiene
Signs & Symptoms:
โขRed, swollen, or itchy eyelids
โขCrusting at the base of the eyelashes
โขFlaking or oily debris on the lashes
โขBurning or gritty sensation in the eyes
โขWatery eyes or sticky yellow discharge
โขEyelash dandruff
โขEyelash loss or misdirection
Possible Complications:
If left untreated, blepharitis may lead to:
โขChronic eye irritation
โขRecurrent styes (hordeolum)
โขChalazion (blocked oil gland cyst)
โขConjunctivitis
โขAbnormal eyelash growth or loss
Treatment Options:
Management focuses on controlling inflammation and improving eyelid hygiene:
โขWarm compresses to loosen debris and improve gland function
โขEyelid cleansing (lid scrubs)
โขTopical antibiotic ointments (if bacterial infection is suspected)
โขShort-term steroid eye drops (for significant inflammation, under medical supervision)
โขArtificial tears to relieve dryness and irritation
Prevention & Maintenance:
โขPractice daily eyelid hygiene
โขManage underlying skin conditions
โขRemove eye makeup thoroughly before sleep
โขAvoid rubbing the eyes
โขReplace old eye cosmetics regularly
